Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format

Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format - B

The frequencies used in these sessions are based upon Rife sets for resonant therapy devices masked in Algorithmic piano music.

More information regarding the items in the list is given below the list.

List of Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format for problems/products available at us for just Rs. 1,000/- for any 5 sessions from any one or multiple Treatment combo Sessions for 30 doses per session (2 times a day for 15 days) in max 15 days.

1) Back Pain
2) Bacterial Infections Specific Cold-Flu
3) Balanitis
4) Bald Head Virus
5) Bardet-Biedel Syndrome
6) Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
7) Barotrauma
8) Barrett Esophagus
9) Barth Syndrome
10) Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
11) Bedsores
12) Benign Intracranial Hypertension
13) Berylliosis
14) Biliary Atresia
15) Biliary Tract Diseases
16) Biotinidase Deficiency
17) Bird Flu-HN
18) Bladder Exstrophy
19) Blastocystis Hominis Infections
20) Blepharitis
21) Blepharospasm
22) Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia
23) Blood Coagulation Disorders
24) Bloom Syndrome
25) Bone Fractures
26) Bone Hypertrophy
27) Bone Spurs
28) Bowen Disease
29) Bradycardia
30) Brain Abscess
31) Brain Concussion
32) Brain Hypoxia
33) Brain Ischemia
34) Branched-Chain Ketoaciduria
35) Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome
36) Breast Cyst
37) Breast Diseases
38) Bronchiectasis
39) Bronchiolitis
40) Bronchitis
41) Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
42) Bulbar Palsy Progressive
43) Bulbospinal Neuronopathy
44) Bunyavirus Infections
45) Burkholderia Infections
46) Burkitt Lymphoma
47) Burns
48) Bursitis

* Bacterial Gram (+) and (-) Bacterial infections Specific to cold & flu inc. Pneumonia.

* Bacterial venereal diseases, are infections that are commonly spread by sex, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. Causing bacteria include Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi), Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), colloquially known as "the clap", Granuloma inguinale or (Klebsiella granulomatis), Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Syphilis (Treponema pallidum), and Ureaplasma infection. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. In women, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and bleeding in between periods, although most women do not experience any symptoms. Symptoms in men include pain when urinating, and abnormal discharge from their penis. If left untreated in both men and women, Chlamydia can infect the urinary tract and potentially lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can cause serious problems during pregnancy and even has the potential to cause infertility. It can cause a woman to have a potentially deadly ectopic pregnancy, in which the child is born outside of the uterus. Gonorrhea is caused by bacterium that lives on moist mucous membranes in the urethra, vagina, rectum, mouth, throat, and eyes. The infection can spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth or anus. Symptoms of Gonorrhea usually appear 2 to 5 days after contact with an infected partner however, some men might not notice symptoms for up to a month. Symptoms in men include burning and pain while urinating, increased urinary frequency, discharge from the penis (white, green, or yellow in color), red or swollen urethra, swollen or tender testicles, or sore throat. Symptoms in women may include vaginal discharge, burning or itching while urinating, painful sexual intercourse, severe pain in lower abdomen (if infection spreads to fallopian tubes), or fever (if infection spreads to fallopian tubes), however many women do not show any symptoms. Syphilis when left untreated, can lead to complications and death. Clinical manifestations of syphilis include the ulceration of the uro-genital tract, mouth or rectum; if left untreated the symptoms worsen.

* Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans (the rounded head) of the penis. Balanitis can occur at any age, but is more likely to affect boys under four years of age, as well as adult males who have not been circumcised. When bacteria or yeast spread under the foreskin and into the soft tissues, the body reacts by creating inflammation.

* Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an inherited disease that causes vision problems, kidney abnormalities, genital anomalies, extra fingers or toes, and mild obesity, among other symptoms. About half of people with the disease have developmental delay or mental disability. One hallmark of the disease is a vision problem caused by degeneration of the retina. It begins as night blindness in childhood and progresses to a loss of peripheral vision. People with Bardet-Biedl syndrome can also lose central vision during childhood or adolescence. Around half of people with the disease have developmental disabilities. This can range from mild learning disabilities or delayed emotional development to severe mental disability. In some cases these delays are due in part to vision loss, while in other cases they are a direct result of the disease. Commonly, people with Bardet-Biedl syndrome have extra fingers and/or toes and mild obesity. Males with the disease often have small genitalia. Women with the disease typically have irregular menstrual cycles and may have structural deformities of the vagina. Some also have diabetes.

* Bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a condition caused by mutations in certain genes of the major histocompatibility complex or involved with the processing and presentation of MHC molecules. It is a form of severe combined immunodeficiency. BLS I, also called "HLA class I deficiency", which is very rare, is associated with deficiencies. The genetic basis for BLSII is not due to defects in the MHC II genes themselves. The genetic basis is the result of mutations in genes that code for proteins (transcription factors) that normally regulate the expression (gene transcription) of the MHC II genes. That is, one of the several proteins that are required to switch on MHC II genes in various cells types (primarily those in the immune system) is absent. The result is that the immune system is severely compromised and cannot effectively fight infection. Clinically, this is similar to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), in which lymphocyte precursor cells are improperly formed. As a notable contrast, however, bare lymphocyte syndrome does not result in decreased B- and T-cell counts, as the development of these cells is not impaired. Diarrhea can be among the associated conditions.

* Barotrauma, physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between internal organs and the outer surface of the body.

* Barrett esophagus refers to an abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus. It is characterized by the replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (which are usually found lower in the gastrointestinal tract). The medical significance of Barrett's esophagus is its strong association (about 0.5% per patient-year) with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a very often deadly cancer, because of which it is considered to be a premalignant condition. The main cause of Barrett's esophagus is thought to be an adaptation to chronic acid exposure from reflux esophagitis. The condition is found in 5�15% of patients who seek medical care for heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease), although a large subgroup of patients with Barrett's esophagus do not have symptoms. The change from normal to premalignant cells that indicate Barrett's esophagus does not cause any particular symptoms. Barrett's esophagus, however, is associated with these symptoms: frequent and longstanding heartburn, trouble swallowing, vomiting blood, pain under the sternum where the esophagus meets the stomach, unintentional weight loss because eating is painful.

* Barth syndrome is a rare, metabolic, and neuromuscular, genetic disorder that occurs exclusively in males, since it is passed from mother to son through the X chromosome. Although Barth syndrome typically becomes apparent during infancy or early childhood, the age of onset, associated symptoms and findings, and disease course varies considerably, even among affected members of the same family (kindred). Primary characteristics of the disorder include abnormalities of heart and skeletal muscle (cardioskeletal myopathy), low levels of certain white blood cells (neutrophils, neutropenia) that help to fight bacterial infections, and growth retardation, potentially leading to short stature. The disorder is also associated with increased levels of certain organic acids in the urine and blood, such as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria/acidemia. The left ventricle of the heart may show increased thickness as a result of unusually high concentrations of elastic, collagenous fibers (endocardial fibroelastosis). The thickening reduces the ability of the left ventricle to push blood though to the lungs and thus is the prime source of potential heart failure.

* Basal cell nevus syndrome, also multiple basal cell carcinoma syndrome is an inherited medical condition involving defects within multiple body systems such as the skin, nervous system, eyes, endocrine system, and bones. People with this syndrome are particularly prone to developing a common and usually non-life-threatening form of non-melanoma skin cancer. About 10% of people with the condition do not develop basal cell carcinomas. Some or all of the following may be seen in someone with basal cell nevus yndrome: Multiple basal-cell carcinomas of the skin. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor: Seen in 75% of patients and is the most common finding. There are usually multiple lesions found in the mandible. They occur at a young age (19 yrs average). Rib and vertebrae anomalies. Intracranial calcification. Skeletal abnormalities: bifid ribs, kyphoscoliosis, early calcification of falx cerebri. Distinct faces: frontal and temporoparietal bossing, hypertelorism, and mandibular prognathism. Bilateral ovarian fibromas. 10% develop cardiac fibromas.

* Benign fibrous histiocytoma, benign skin growths which may form as a reaction to previous injuries such as insect bites or thorn pricks.

* Benign intracranial hypertension is a neurological disorder that is characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) in the absence of a tumor or other diseases. The main symptoms are stroke-like headache, nausea, and vomiting, as well as pulsatile tinnitus (sounds perceived in the ears, with the sound occurring in the same rhythm as the pulse), double vision and other visual symptoms. If untreated, it may lead to swelling of the optic disc in the eye, which can progress to vision loss.

* Berylliosis is a form of metal poisoning caused by inhalation of beryllium dusts, vapors, or its compounds or implantation of the substance in the skin. The toxic effects of beryllium most commonly occur due to occupational exposure. Beryllium is a metallic element used in many industries, including electronics, high-technology ceramics, metals extraction, and dental alloy preparation. There are two forms of beryllium-induced lung disease, acute and chronic. Acute berylliosis has a sudden, rapid onset and is characterized by severe inflammation of the lungs (pneumonitis), coughing, increasing breathlessness (dyspnea), and other associated symptoms and findings. In addition, in some individuals, the skin or the eyes may be affected. The more common, chronic form of the disease develops more slowly and, in some cases, may not become apparent for many years after initial beryllium exposure. Chronic berylliosis is characterized by the abnormal formation of inflammatory masses or nodules (granulomas) within certain tissues and organs and widespread scarring and thickening of deep lung tissues (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis). Although granuloma development primarily affects the lungs, it may also occur within other bodily tissues and organs, such as the skin and underlying (subcutaneous) tissues or the liver. In individuals with chronic berylliosis, associated symptoms and findings often include dry coughing, fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, and increasing shortness of breath.

* Biliary atresia is a childhood disease of the liver in which one or more bile ducts are abnormally narrow, blocked, or absent. It can be congenital or acquired. Initially, the symptoms of biliary atresia are indistinguishable from those of neonatal jaundice, a usually harmless condition commonly seen in infants. Distinctive symptoms of biliary atresia are usually evident between one and six weeks after birth. Infants and children with biliary atresia develop progressive cholestasis, a condition in which bile is unable to leave the liver and builds up inside of it. When the liver is unable to excrete bilirubin through the bile ducts in the form of bile, bilirubin begins to accumulate in the blood, causing symptoms. These symptoms include yellowing of the skin, itchiness, poor absorption of nutrients (causing delays in growth), pale stools, dark urine, and a swollen abdomen. Eventually, cirrhosis with portal hypertension will develop. If left untreated, biliary atresia can lead to liver failure. Unlike other forms of jaundice, however, biliary-atresia-related cholestasis mostly does not result in kernicterus, a form of brain damage resulting from liver dysfunction. This is because in biliary atresia, the liver, although diseased, is still able to conjugate bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin is unable to cross the blood�brain barrier.

* Biotinidase Deficiency is caused by the lack of an enzyme called biotinidase. This disorder can lead to seizures, developmental delay, eczema, and hearing loss. Infants with biotinidase deficiency appear normal at birth, but develop critical symptoms after the first weeks or months of life. Symptoms include hypotonia, ataxia, seizures, developmental delay, alopecia, seborrheic dermatitis, hearing loss and optic nerve atrophy. Metabolic acidosis can result in coma and death. The gene defect for biotinidase deficiency is unknowingly passed down from generation to generation. This faulty gene only emerges when two carriers have children together and pass it to their offspring. For each pregnancy of two such carriers, there is a 25% chance that the child will be born with the disease and a 50% chance the child will be a carrier for the gene defect. Studies show that 1 of every 60,000 live births will have biotinidase deficiency.

* Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomaly that exists along the spectrum of the exstrophy-epispadias complex and most notably involves protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall. Its presentation is variable, often including abnormalities of the bony pelvis, pelvic floor, and genitalia. The underlying embryologic mechanism leading to bladder exstrophy is unknown, though it is thought to be in part due to failed reinforcement of the cloacal membrane by underlying mesoderm. The classic manifestation of bladder exstrophy presents with: A defect in the abdominal wall occupied by both the exstrophied bladder as well as a portion of the urethra. A flattened puborectal sling. Separation of the pubic symphysis. Shortening of the pubic ramii. External rotation of the pelvis. Females frequently have a displaced and narrowed vaginal orifice, a bifid clitoris, and divergent labia.

* Blastocystis hominis is a microscopic organism that may be found in the stools of healthy people who aren't having any digestive symptoms. Blastocystis hominis is also sometimes found in the stools of people who have diarrhea, abdominal pain or other gastrointestinal problems. Researchers don't yet fully understand the role that Blastocystis hominis plays, if any, in causing an infection. Certain forms of Blastocystis hominis may be more likely to be linked to an infection with symptoms. Sometimes, blastocystis simply lives in a person's digestive tract without causing harm. Signs and symptoms that might be associated with blastocystis include: Diarrhea. Nausea . Abdominal cramps. Bloating. Excessive gas (flatulence). Hives. Loss of appetite. Fatigue.

* Blepharitis, swelling or inflammation of the eyelids, usually where the eyelash hair follicles are located.

* Blepharospasm is any abnormal contraction or twitch of the eyelid. In most cases, symptoms last for a few days then disappear without treatment, but sometimes the twitching is chronic and persistent, causing lifelong challenges. In those rare cases, the symptoms are often severe enough to result in functional blindness. The person's eyelids feel like they are clamping shut and will not open without great effort. People have normal eyes, but for periods of time are effectively blind due to their inability to open their eyelids. In contrast, the reflex blepharospasm is due to any pain in and around the eye. It is of two types: essential and reflex blepharospasm. The benign essential blepharospasm is a focal dystonia�a neurological movement disorder involving involuntary and sustained contractions of the muscles around the eyes. The term essential indicates that the cause is unknown, but fatigue, stress, or an irritant are possible contributing factors. Symptoms include: Excessive blinking and spasming of the eyes, usually characterized by uncontrollable eyelid closure of durations longer than the typical blink reflex, sometimes lasting minutes or even hours. Uncontrollable contractions or twitches of the eye muscles and surrounding facial area. Some sufferers have twitching symptoms that radiate into the nose, face and sometimes, the neck area. Dryness of the eyes. Sensitivity to the sun and bright light.

* Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia or Meige's syndrome is actually a combination of two forms of dystonia, blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia (OMD). Blepharo means "eyelid". Spasm means "uncontrolled muscle contraction". The term blepharospasm can be applied to any abnormal blinking or eyelid tic or twitch resulting from any cause, ranging from dry eyes to Tourette's syndrome to tardive dyskinesia. The blepharospasm referred to here is officially called benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) to distinguish it from the less serious secondary blinking disorders. "Benign" indicates the condition is not life-threatening, and "essential" is a medical term meaning "of unknown cause". It is both a cranial and a focal dystonia. Cranial refers to the head and focal indicates confinement to one part. The word dystonia describes abnormal involuntary sustained muscle contractions and spasms. Patients with blepharospasm have normal eyes. The visual disturbance is due solely to the forced closure of the eyelids. Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a form of focal dystonia that affects varying areas of the head and neck including the lower face, jaw, tongue and larynx. The spasms may cause the mouth to pull open, shut tight, or move repetitively. Speech and swallowing may be distorted. It is often associated with dystonia of the cervical muscles (Spasmodic Torticollis), eyelids (Blepharospasm), or larynx (Spasmodic Dysphonia). The main symptoms involve involuntary blinking and chin thrusting. Some patients may experience excessive tongue protrusion, squinting, light sensitivity, muddled speech, or uncontrollable contraction of the platysma muscle. Some Meige's patients also have "laryngeal dystonia" (spasms of the larynx). Blepharospasm may lead to embarrassment in social situations, and oromandibular dystonia can affect speech, making it difficult to carry on the simplest conversations. This can cause difficulty in both personal and professional contexts, and in some cases may cause patients to withdraw from social situations. The condition tends to affect women more frequently than men. In patients with OMD, involuntary contractions may involve the muscles used for chewing (masticatory muscles). These may include the thick muscle in the cheek that closes the jaw (masseter muscle) and the broad muscle that draws back the lower jaw and closes the mouth (temporalis muscle). Some patients may also experience involuntary contractions of the wide muscle at the side of the neck (platysmal muscle). This muscle draws down the corner of the mouth and lower lip or other muscle groups.

* Blood coagulation disorders, may dispose to hemorrhage, thrombosis, and occasionally both.

* Bloom syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by short stature, a skin rash that develops after exposure to the sun, and a greatly increased risk of cancer. People with Bloom syndrome are usually smaller than 97 percent of the population in both height and weight from birth, and they rarely exceed 5 feet tall in adulthood. Affected individuals have skin that is sensitive to sun exposure, and they usually develop a butterfly-shaped patch of reddened skin across the nose and cheeks. A skin rash can also appear on other areas that are typically exposed to the sun, such as the back of the hands and the forearms. Small clusters of enlarged blood vessels (telangiectases) often appear in the rash; telangiectases can also occur in the eyes. Other skin features include patches of skin that are lighter or darker than the surrounding areas (hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation respectively). These patches appear on areas of the skin that are not exposed to the sun, and their development is not related to the rashes. People with Bloom syndrome have an increased risk of cancer. They can develop any type of cancer, but the cancers arise earlier in life than they do in the general population, and affected individuals often develop more than one type of cancer. Individuals with Bloom syndrome have a high-pitched voice and distinctive facial features including a long, narrow face; a small lower jaw; and prominent nose and ears. Other features can include learning disabilities, an increased risk of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and mild immune system abnormalities leading to recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, ears, and lungs during infancy. Men with Bloom syndrome usually do not produce sperm and as a result are unable to father children (infertile). Women with the disorder generally have reduced fertility and experience menopause at an earlier age than usual.

* Bone hypertrophy is a bone remodeling disease that results in an increase in the mass of bone per unit of volume. It occurs where a muscle, tendon or ligament inserts into the bone surface after recurrent use.

* Bone spurs, osteophytes or parrot beak, are bony projections that form along joint margins. They should not be confused with enthesophytes, which are bony projections that form at the attachment of a tendon or ligament.

* Bowen�s disease is also known as intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, and is a growth of cancerous cells that is confined to the outer layer of the skin. It is not a serious condition, and its importance rests on the fact that, occasionally, it can progress into an invasive skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). Most cases of Bowen�s disease develop as a result of long-term sun exposure. Very occasionally, Bowen�s disease may be seen in the context of previous radiotherapy, following chronic arsenic ingestion (very rare nowadays) or on the genitalia in association with the virus that causes warts (the human papillomavirus). Bowen's disease is neither infectious, nor due to an allergy. Often there are no symptoms, although the surface crusting may catch on clothing. A patch of Bowen�s disease starts as a small red scaly area, which grows very slowly. It may reach a diameter of a few centimetres across. It commonly occurs on sun-exposed skin, especially the head, hands and lower legs. More than one lesion may be present. The development of an ulcer or lump on a patch of Bowen�s disease may indicate the formation of invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

* Bradycardia, slower than usual heart beat.

* Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources, within the brain tissue. The infection may also be introduced through a skull fracture following a head trauma or surgical procedures. Brain abscess is usually associated with congenital heart disease in young children. It may occur at any age but is most frequent in the third decade of life. The symptoms of brain abscess are caused by a combination of increased intracranial pressure due to a space-occupying lesion (headache, vomiting, confusion, coma), infection (fever, fatigue etc.) and focal neurologic brain tissue damage (hemiparesis, aphasia etc.). The most frequent presenting symptoms are headache, drowsiness, confusion, seizures, hemiparesis or speech difficulties together with fever with a rapidly progressive course. The symptoms and findings depend largely on the specific location of the abscess in the brain.

* Brain concussion, mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI), minor head trauma.

* Brain hypoxia, oxygen deprivation to the brain.

* Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. This leads to poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction / ischemic stroke. It is a sub-type of stroke along with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. Ischemia leads to alterations in brain metabolism, reduction in metabolic rates, and energy crisis. There are two types of ischemia: focal ischemia, which is confined to a specific region of the brain; and global ischemia, which encompasses wide areas of brain tissue. The main symptoms involve impairments in vision, body movement, and speaking. The causes of brain ischemia vary from sickle cell anemia to congenital heart defects. Symptoms of brain ischemia can include unconsciousness, blindness, problems with coordination, and weakness in the body. Other effects that may result from brain ischemia are stroke, cardiorespiratory arrest, and irreversible brain damage. An interruption of blood flow to the brain for more than 10 seconds causes unconsciousness, and an interruption in flow for more than a few minutes generally results in irreversible brain damage.

* Branched-chain ketoaciduria, also called Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting branched-chain amino acids. It is one type of organic acidemia. The condition gets its name from the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants' urine, particularly prior to diagnosis, and during times of acute illness. The smell is also present and sometimes stronger in the ear wax of an affected individual at these times. In populations to whom maple syrup is unfamiliar, the aroma can be likened to fenugreek, and fenugreek ingestion may impart the aroma to urine. Infants with this disease seem healthy at birth but quickly deteriorate, often with severe brain damage, which may be permanent. Death often occurs within the first five months in severe disease. The symptoms of MSUD may also present later depending on the severity of the disease. Untreated in older individuals, and during times of metabolic crisis, symptoms of the condition include anorexia, weight loss, anemia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, oscillating hypertonia and hypotonia, ataxia, seizures, hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis, opisthotonus, pancreatitis, rapid neurological decline, and coma. Without prompt treatment, they will likely die from cerebral edema. Additionally, maple syrup urine disease patients often experience an abnormal course of disease in simple infections that become increasingly severe and can have permanent damage. In more rare cases, concomitant osteoporosis may also appear in these patients.

* Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (BOFS) is characterised by low birth weight and growth retardation, bilateral branchial clefts that may be hemangiomatous, sometimes with linear skin lesions behind the ears ('burn-like' lesions), congenital strabismus, obstructed nasolacrimal ducts, a broad nasal bridge with a flattened nasal tip, a protruding upper lip with an unusually broad and prominent philtrum, and full mouth.

* Breast diseases, either of organ system protection or reproductive function.

* Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung. Symptoms typically include a chronic cough productive of mucus. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain. Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur. Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections. Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infective and acquired causes, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, immune system problems, and cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases. The cause in 10-50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown. The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response. Involved bronchi become enlarged and thus less able to clear secretions. These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs, result in airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways. It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

* Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs. It usually occurs in children less than two years of age with the majority being aged between three and six months. It presents with coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath which can cause some children difficulty in feeding. This inflammation is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (70% of cases) and is much more common in the winter months. In a typical case, an infant under two years of age develops cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath over one or two days. Crackles and/or wheeze are typical findings on listening to the chest with a stethoscope. The infant may be breathless for several days. After the acute illness, it is common for the airways to remain sensitive for several weeks, leading to recurrent cough and wheeze. It is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, also known as human pneumovirus). Other viruses which may cause this illness include metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus.

* Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), formerly chronic lung disorder of infants and children. It is more common in infants with low birth weight and those who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It results in significant morbidity and mortality. Prolonged high oxygen delivery in premature infants causes necrotizing bronchiolitis and alveolar septal injury, with inflammation and scarring. Feeding problems are common in infants with BPD, often due to prolonged intubation. Such infants often display oral-tactile hypersensitivity (also known as oral aversion). Physical findings: hypoxemia; hypercapnia; crackles, wheezing, & decreased breath sounds; increased bronchial secretions; hyperinflation; frequent lower respiratory infections; delayed growth & development; enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart; chest X ray shows with hyperinflation, low diaphragm, atelectasis, cystic changes.

* Bulbar palsy progressive, degeneration of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brain stem, and pyramidal tracts.

* Bulbospinal neuronopathy, progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts.

* Bunyaviridae is a family of negative-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this family occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. Bunyaviridae are vector-borne viruses. With the exception of Hantaviruses, all viruses in the Bunyaviridae family are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos, tick, or sandfly). Hantaviruses are transmitted through contact with deer mice feces. Incidence of infection is closely linked to vector activity, for example, mosquito-borne viruses are more common in the summer. Human infections with certain Bunyaviridae, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, are associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. They are also the cause of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Hanta virus or Hantavirus Hemorrhagic fever, common in Korea, Scandinavia, Russia, and western North America, is associated with high fever, lung edema and pulmonary failure. Mortality is around 55%. The antibody reaction plays an important role in decreasing levels of viremia. Bunyaviruses that cause disease in humans include: California encephalitis virus, Hantavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, Bwamba Fever and, Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Bunyaviruses have segmented genomes, making them capable of rapid recombination and increasing the risk of outbreak. Bunyaviridae are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods including mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks. The viral incubation period is about 48 hours. Symptomatic infection typically causes nonspecific flulike symptoms with fever lasting for about three days. Because of their nonspecific symptoms, Bunyavirus infections are frequently mistaken for other illnesses.

* Burkholderia is a genus of Proteobacteria whose pathogenic members include Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals; Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis; and Burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Due to their antibiotic resistance and the high mortality rate from their associated diseases, B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are considered to be potential biological warfare agents, targeting livestock and humans.

* Burkitt�s lymphoma is a rare and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer of the lymphatic system, which helps the body fight infections. Burkitt�s lymphoma is most common in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where it�s related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and chronic malaria. Burkitt�s lymphoma is also seen elsewhere, including the United States. Outside of Africa, Burkitt�s lymphoma is most likely to occur in people who have a compromised immune system. Burkitt�s lymphoma can cause fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Other symptoms of Burkitt�s lymphoma vary according to type. The symptoms of sporadic Burkitt�s lymphoma include: abdominal swelling, distortion of facial bones, night sweats, intestinal obstruction, an enlarged thyroid, enlarged tonsils. The symptoms of endemic Burkitt�s lymphoma include swelling and distortion of facial bones and a rapid growth of lymph nodes. The enlarged lymph nodes are non-tender. Tumors can grow extremely quickly, sometimes doubling their size within 18 hours. The symptoms of HIV-related lymphoma are similar to those of the sporadic type.