Modern Medicine in Digital format

Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format - M

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The frequencies used in these sessions are based upon Rife sets for resonant therapy devices masked in Algorithmic piano music.

More information regarding the items in the list is given below the list.

List of Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format for problems/products available at us for just Rs. 1,000/- for any 5 sessions  from any one or multiple Treatment combo Sessions for  30 doses per session (2 times a day for 15 days) in max 15 days.

1) Macroglobulinemia
2) Macroglossia
3) Macular Degeneration
4) Macular Dystrophy Corneal
5) Male Urogenital Diseases
6) Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
7) Malignant Hyperthermia
8) Mandibulofacial Dysostosis
9) Mannosidosis Alpha
10) Marfan Syndrome
11) Mastoiditis
12) Maxillofacial Procedures
13) Measles
14) Meckel Diverticulum
15) Meconium Aspiration
16) Medullary Sponge Kidney
17) Medulloblastoma
18) Melanoma
19) Melanoma-Amelanotic
20) Melanosis
21) Melioidosis
22) Meningioma
23) Meningitis Bacterial
24) Meningitis Viral
25) Menstruation Disturbances
26) Metabolic Bone Diseases
27) Metabolic Diseases
28) Metabolic Syndrome X
29) Methemoglobinemia
30) Microcephaly
31) Microphtalmos
32) Microvascular Angina
33) Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
34) Migraine Disorders
35) Mitochondrial Diseases
36) Mitochondrial Myopathy
37) Mitral Click-Murmur
38) Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
39) Monkeypox
40) Monosomy
41) Morvan Disease
42) Motion Sickness
43) Mucocutaneous Lymph Node
44) Mucopolysaccharidoses
45) Multicystic-Dysplastic Kidney
46) Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome
47) Multiple Myeloma
48) Mumps
49) Muscle Cramp
50) Muscle Tonic
51) Muscular Diseases
52) Muscular Dystrophiesn
53) Myelodysplastic Syndromes
54) Myeloproliferative Disorders
55) Myocardial Infarction
56) Myocarditis
57) Myoclonus
58) Myopathies Structural
59) Myxoma

* Macroglobulinemia is the presence of increased levels of macroglobulins in the circulating blood. It is a plasma cell dyscrasia, resembling leukemia, with cells of lymphocytic, plasmacytic, or intermediate morphology, which secrete a monoclonal immunoglobulin M component. There is diffuse infiltration by the malignant cells of the bone marrow and also, in many cases, of the spleen, liver, or lymph nodes. The circulating macroglobulin can produce symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome: weakness, fatigue, bleeding disorders, and visual disturbances. Peak incidence of macroglobulinemia is in the sixth and seventh decades of life.

* Macroglossia, unusual enlargement (hypertrophy) of the tongue.

* Macular corneal dystrophy is a rare pathological condition affecting the stroma of cornea. The first signs are usually noticed in the first decade of life, and progress afterwards, with opacities developing in the cornea and attacks of pain. Onset occurs in the first decade, usually between ages 5 and 9. The disorder is progressive. Minute, gray, punctate opacities develop. Corneal sensitivity is usually reduced. Painful attacks with photophobia, foreign body sensations, and recurrent erosions occur in most patients.

* Macular degeneration, common cause of age related blindness.

* Male Urogenital Diseases refers to pathological processes of the male urinary tract and the reproductive system (male genitalia).

* Malignant fibrous histiocytoma or pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma (PUS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. It is considered a diagnosis of exclusion for sarcomas that cannot be more precisely categorized. PUS occurs most commonly in the extremities and retroperitoneum, but has been reported in other sites. Metastasis occurs most frequently in the lungs (90%), bones (8%), and liver (1%). In the extremities, it presents itself as a painless enlarging soft tissue mass. Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcomas are, by definition, undifferentiated, meaning (as the name implies) that they do not bear a resemblance to any normal tissue.

* Malignant hypertensionis hypertension (high blood pressure) with acute impairment of one or more organ systems (especially the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and/or the renal system) that can result in irreversible organ damage. In a hypertensive emergency, the blood pressure should be slowly lowered over a period of minutes to hours with an antihypertensive agent. The eyes may show retinal hemorrhage or an exudate. Papilledema (optic disk swelling) must be present before a diagnosis of malignant hypertension can be made. The brain shows manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, vomiting, and/or subarachnoid or cerebral hemorrhage. Patients will usually suffer from left ventricular dysfunction. The kidneys will be affected, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and acute renal failure. It differs from other complications of hypertension in that it is accompanied by papilledema. This can be associated with hypertensive retinopathy. Other signs and symptoms can include chest pain, arrhythmias, headache, epistaxis, dyspnea, faintness or vertigo, severe anxiety, agitation, altered mental status, paresthesias and vomiting.

* Malignant hyperthermia, condition that is usually triggered by exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia.

* Mandibulofacial dysostosis is a syndrome that includes palpebral antimongoloid fissures, hypoplasia of the facial bones, macrostomia, vaulted palate, malformations of both the external and internal ear, buccal-auricular fistula, abnormal development of the neck with stretching of the cheeks, accessory facial fissures, and skeletal deformities.

* Marfan syndrome, disorder that affects the connective tissue in many parts of the body.

* Mastoiditis, infection of the mastoid bone just behind the ear.

* Maxillofacial procedures are utilized when a structural defect, disease or injury of the facial bones affects the way they work in a negative manner.

* Measles, or rubeola, infection of the respiratory system caused by a paramyxovirus.

* Meckel's diverticulum is a pouch on the wall of the lower part of the intestine that is present at birth (congenital). The diverticulum may contain tissue similar to that of the stomach or pancreas. This tissue is left over from when the baby's digestive tract was forming before birth. A small number of people have a Meckel's diverticulum. However, only a few develop symptoms. Symptoms may include: Pain in the abdomen that can be mild or severe. Blood in the stool. Nausea and vomiting. Symptoms often occur during the first few years of life. However, they may not start until adulthood. Complications may include: Excess bleeding (hemorrhage) from the diverticulum. Folding of the intestines (intussusception), a type of blockage. Peritonitis. Tear (perforation) of the bowel at the diverticulum.

* Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It occurs when meconium is present in their lungs during or before delivery. Meconium is the first stool of an infant, composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus. Meconium is normally stored in the infant's intestines until after birth, but sometimes (often in response to fetal distress and hypoxia) it is expelled into the amniotic fluid prior to birth, or during labor. If the baby then inhales the contaminated fluid, respiratory problems may occur. After birth, rapid or labored breathing, cyanosis, slow heartbeat, a barrel-shaped chest or low Apgar score are all signs of the syndrome.

* Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital disorder of the kidneys characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or both kidneys. Individuals with medullary sponge kidney are at increased risk for kidney stones and urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients with MSK typically pass twice as many stones per year as do other stone formers without MSK. While described as a "benign" disorder with a low morbidity rate, as many as 10% of patients with MSK have an increased risk of morbidity associated with frequent stones and UTIs. While some patients report increased chronic kidney pain, the source of the pain, when a UTI or blockage is not present, is unclear at this time. Renal colic (flank and back pain) is present in 55% of patients. Women with MSK experience more stones, UTIs, and complications than men. Most cases are asymptomatic or are discovered during an investigation of blood in the urine. Symptomatic patients typically present as middle-aged adults with renal colic, kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis and/or recurrent urinary tract infections; however, MSK also may affect children very rarely. In addition to the typical clinical phenotype of recurrent stone disease, other clinical profiles have now been recognized, that is, an indolent, almost asymptomatic MSK, and a rare form characterized by intractable pain.

* Medulloblastoma is the most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor (cancer), originating in the part of the brain that is towards the back and the bottom, on the floor of the skull, in the cerebellum or posterior fossa. Medulloblastomas are non-invasive rapidly growing tumors that, unlike most brain tumors, spread through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and frequently metastasize to different locations along the surface of the brain and spinal cord. The cumulative relative survival rate for all age groups and histology follow-up was 60%, 52%, and 32% at 5 years, 10 years, and 20 years, respectively, with children doing better than adults. Signs and symptoms are mainly due to secondary increased intracranial pressure due to blockage of the fourth ventricle and are usually present for 1 to 5 months before diagnosis is made. The child typically becomes listless, with repeated episodes of vomiting, and a morning headache, which may lead to a misdiagnosis of gastrointestinal disease or migraine. Soon after, the child will develop a stumbling gait, truncal ataxia, frequent falls, diplopia, papilledema, and sixth cranial nerve palsy. Positional dizziness and nystagmus are also frequent and facial sensory loss or motor weakness may be present. Decerebrate attacks appear late in the disease. Extraneural metastasis to the rest of the body is rare, and when it occurs is in the setting of relapse.

* Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production. When DNA synthesis is impaired, the cell cycle cannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M) stage. This leads to continuing cell growth without division, which presents as macrocytosis. Megaloblastic anemia has a rather slow onset, especially when compared to that of other anemias. The defect in red cell DNA synthesis is most often due to hypovitaminosis, specifically a deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency alone will not cause the syndrome in the presence of sufficient folate, as the mechanism is loss of B12 dependent folate recycling, followed by folate-deficiency loss of nucleic acid synthesis (specifically thymine), leading to defects in DNA synthesis. Folic acid supplementation in the absence of vitamin B12 prevents this type of anemia (although other vitamin B12-specific pathologies may be present). Loss of micronutrients may also be a cause. Copper deficiency resulting from an excess of zinc from unusually high oral consumption of zinc-containing denture-fixation creams has been found to be a cause. Megaloblastic anemia not due to hypovitaminosis may be caused by antimetabolites that poison DNA production directly, such as some chemotherapeutic or antimicrobial agents (for example azathioprine or trimethoprim). The pathological state of megaloblastosis is characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow and also by hypersegmented neutrophils (those exhibiting five or more nuclear lobes ("segments"), with up to four lobes being normal). These hypersegmented neutrophils are found in the "peripheral blood".

* Melanoma amelanotic, type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make melanin.

* Melanoma, malignant tumor of melanocytes.

* Melanosis, hyperpigmentation associated with increased melanin.

* Melioidosis, also called Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease that can infect humans or animals. The disease is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in Southeast Asia and northern Australia where it is widespread. The bacteria causing melioidosis are found in contaminated water and soil. It is spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source. It is very rare for people to get the disease from another person. While a few cases have been documented, contaminated soil and surface water remain the primary way in which people become infected. There are several different types of melioidosis, each with its own signs and symptoms. Pulmonary infection: Melioidosis signs and symptoms most commonly stem from lung disease where the infection can form a cavity of pus (abscess). The effects of a pulmonary infection can range from mild bronchitis to severe pneumonia. As a result, patients also may experience fever, headache, loss of appetite (anorexia), cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and general muscle soreness. Localized infection: The effects can also be localized to infection on the skin (cellulitis) with pain or swelling, ulceration, and abscess, with associated fever and muscle aches. Bloodstream infection: If melioidosis enters the bloodstream, symptoms can include fever, headache, respiratory distress, abdominal discomfort, joint pain, and disorientation. Disseminated infection: Melioidosis can spread from the skin through the blood to become a chronic form of melioidosis affecting the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, joints, and eyes. Symptoms of a disseminated melioidosis infection include fever, weight loss, stomach or chest pain, muscle or joint pain, headache, and seizures.

* Meningiomas are a diverse set of tumors arising from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system. They arise from the arachnoid "cap" cells of the arachnoid villi in the meninges. These tumors usually are benign in nature; however, a small percentage are cancerous. Small tumors (e.g., < 2.0 cm) usually are incidental findings at autopsy without having caused symptoms. Larger tumors may cause symptoms, depending on the size and location. Focal seizures may be caused by meningiomas that overlie the cerebrum. Progressive spastic weakness in legs and incontinence may be caused by tumors that overlie the parasagittal frontoparietal region. Tumors of the Sylvian aqueduct may cause myriad motor, sensory, aphasic, and seizure symptoms, depending on the location. Increased intracranial pressure eventually occurs, but is less frequent than in gliomas. Diplopia (Double vision) or uneven pupil size may be symptoms if related pressure causes a third and/or sixth nerve palsy.

* Metabolic bone diseases, disorders of bone strength, usually caused by abnormalities of minerals (such as calcium or phosphorus), vitamin D, bone mass or bone structure, heel spurs, plantar fasciitis, osteopenia.

* Metabolic syndrome X, combination of disorders leading to risk of cardiovascular problems and diabetes.

* Methemoglobinemia (or methaemoglobinaemia) is a disorder characterized by the presence of a higher than normal level of methemoglobin (metHb, i.e., ferric [Fe3+] rather than ferrous [Fe2+] haemoglobin) in the blood. Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that contains ferric [Fe3+] iron and has a decreased ability to bind oxygen. However, the ferrous iron has an increased affinity for bound oxygen. The binding of oxygen to methemoglobin results in an increased affinity of oxygen to the three other heme sites (that are still ferrous) within the same tetrameric hemoglobin unit. This leads to an overall reduced ability of the red blood cell to release oxygen to tissues, with the associated oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve therefore shifted to the left. When methemoglobin concentration is elevated in red blood cells, tissue hypoxia can occur. Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin level above 1%) include shortness of breath, cyanosis, mental status changes (~50%), headache, fatigue, exercise intolerance, dizziness and loss of hairlines. Patients with severe methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin level above 50%) may exhibit seizures, coma and death (>70%). Healthy people may not have many symptoms with methemoglobin levels below 15%. However, patients with co-morbidities such as anemia, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, sepsis, or presence of other abnormal hemoglobin species (e.g. carboxyhemoglobin, sulfhemoglobin or sickle hemoglobin) may experience moderate to severe symptoms at much lower levels (as low as 5–8%).

* Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the brain does not develop properly resulting in a smaller than normal head. Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. Often people with the disorder have an intellectual disability, poor motor function, poor speech, abnormal facial features, seizures, and dwarfism. Affected newborns generally have striking neurological defects and seizures. Severely impaired intellectual development is common, but disturbances in motor functions may not appear until later in life. Infants with microcephaly are born with either a normal or reduced head size. Subsequently, the head fails to grow, while the face continues to develop at a normal rate, producing a child with a small head and a receding forehead, and a loose, often wrinkled scalp. As the child grows older, the smallness of the skull becomes more obvious, although the entire body also is often underweight and dwarfed. Development of motor functions and speech may be delayed. Hyperactivity and intellectual disability are common occurrences, although the degree of each varies. Convulsions may also occur. Motor ability varies, ranging from clumsiness in some to spastic quadriplegia in others. Genetic factors may play a role in causing some cases of microcephaly. Relationships have been found between autism, duplications of chromosomes, and macrocephaly on one side. On the other side, a relationship has been found between schizophrenia, deletions of chromosomes, and microcephaly. The spread of Aedes mosquito-borne Zika virus has been implicated in increasing levels of congenital microcephaly by the International Society for Infectious Diseases and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. This can result in other severe brain malformations and birth defects. Microcephaly generally is due to the diminished size of the largest part of the human brain, the cerebral cortex, and the condition can arise during embryonic and fetal development due to insufficient neural stem cell proliferation, impaired or premature neurogenesis, the death of neural stem cells or neurons, or a combination of these factors.

* Microphthalmos or Microphtalmia is an eye abnormality that arises before birth. In this condition, one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. In some affected individuals, the eyeball may appear to be completely missing; however, even in these cases some remaining eye tissue is generally present. Such severe microphthalmia should be distinguished from another condition called anophthalmia, in which no eyeball forms at all. However, the terms anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia are often used interchangeably. Microphthalmia may or may not result in significant vision loss. People with microphthalmia may also have a condition called coloboma. Colobomas are missing pieces of tissue in structures that form the eye. They may appear as notches or gaps in the colored part of the eye called the iris; the retina, which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye; the blood vessel layer under the retina called the choroid; or in the optic nerves, which carry information from the eyes to the brain. Colobomas may be present in one or both eyes and, depending on their size and location, can affect a person's vision. People with microphthalmia may also have other eye abnormalities, including clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract) and a narrowed opening of the eye (narrowed palpebral fissure). Additionally, affected individuals may have an abnormality called microcornea, in which the clear front covering of the eye (cornea) is small and abnormally curved. Between one-third and one-half of affected individuals have microphthalmia as part of a syndrome that affects other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. When microphthalmia occurs by itself, it is described as nonsyndromic or isolated.

* Microvascular angina, or chest pain, may be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). Coronary MVD is heart disease that affects the heart’s smallest coronary artery blood vessels. Spasms within the walls of these very small arterial blood vessels causes reduced blood flow to the heart muscle leading to a type of chest pain referred to as microvascular angina. Angina that occurs in coronary MVD may differ from the typical angina that occurs in heart disease in that the chest pain usually lasts longer than 10 minutes, and it can last longer than 30 minutes. The pain or discomfort: May be more severe and last longer than other types of angina pain, May occur with shortness of breath, sleep problems, fatigue, and lack of energy, Often is first noticed during routine daily activities and times of mental stress. Microvascular angina is much more common in women (typically, postmenopausal women) than in men.

* Middle ear cholesteatoma, is a type of skin cyst located in the middle ear and skull bone (mastoid).

* Mitochondrial diseases, mitochondria are responsible for processing oxygen and converting substances from food, associated problems can lead to many age related diseases.

* Mitochondrial myopathies are a group of neuromuscular diseases caused by damage to the mitochondria—small, energy-producing structures that serve as the cells' "power plants." Nerve cells in the brain and muscles require a great deal of energy, and thus appear to be particularly damaged when mitochondrial dysfunction occurs. The symptoms of mitochondrial myopathies include muscle weakness or exercise intolerance, heart failure or rhythm disturbances, dementia, movement disorders, stroke-like episodes, deafness, blindness, droopy eyelids, limited mobility of the eyes, vomiting, and seizures. The prognosis for these disorders ranges in severity from progressive weakness to death. Most mitochondrial myopathies occur before the age of 20, and often begin with exercise intolerance or muscle weakness. During physical activity, muscles may become easily fatigued or weak. Muscle cramping is rare, but may occur. Nausea, headache, and breathlessness are also associated with these disorders.

* Mitral click-murmur, also kmown as mitral valve prolapse is a condition in which the two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium. When the heart pumps (contracts) part of one or both flaps collapse backward into the left atrium. In some cases, the prolapsed valve lets a small amount of blood leak backward through the valve, which may cause a heart murmur. In most cases, it’s harmless. Most people who have the condition are unaware of it and their health is not affected. In a small number of cases, the prolapse can cause blood to leak backwards. This is called mitral regurgitation.. The most common cause of MVP is abnormally stretchy valve leaflets (called myxomatous valve disease). Mitral valve prolapse occurs in around 2 percent of the population. A person can be born with the genetic risk of developing MVP or it can be caused by other health problems, such as some connective tissue diseases. Many people with mitral valve prolapse DO NOT have symptoms. The group of symptoms found in people with mitral valve prolapse is called "mitral valve prolapse syndrome," and includes: Chest pain (not caused by coronary artery disease or a heart attack), Dizziness, Fatigue, Panic attacks, Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations), Shortness of breath with activity or when lying flat (orthopnea). When mitral regurgitation occurs, symptoms may be related to this leaking.

* Mixed connective tissue disease, features signs and symptoms of a combination of disorders — primarily of lupus, scleroderma and polymyositis.

* Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name ‘monkeypox.’ The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox. Since then monkeypox has been reported in humans in other central and western African countries. Human monkeypox was originally described in Africa, where it is typically characterized by initial fever, chills, headache, marked lymphadenopathy and back pain, followed by a monomorphic eruption consisting of macules and papules in a centrifugal distribution with subsequent vesicles, pustules and crusting. In a review of 34 patients with confirmed US monkeypox infection, most patients experienced rash, fever, chills and lymphadenopathy. Skin lesions were typically monomorphic and involved the extremities, head and neck, chest, back, and palms. The majority of patients (80%) had 5-100 lesions, and almost half of the patients had lesions in a centrifugal distribution. The most common lesions included papules, vesicles, pustules, umbilicated lesions and macules.

* Monosomy is a genetic defect caused by an incomplete set of chromosomes. Various medical conditions are caused by monosomy, some more severe than others. In complete monosomy, one side of a chromosome pair is simply missing. One example of this type of monosomy is Turner Syndrome, where the X chromosome is missing a complementary chromosome. A number of developmental disabilities are caused by Turner Syndrome, including severe problems like congenital heart disease. However, it is also possible for patients to have a perfectly healthy life with the condition, as long as it is well managed. Sometimes, part of a pairing chromosome is transferred, causing partial monosomy. In this case, missing genetic information can cause an assortment of problems, including Le Jeune's Syndrome, the result of partial monosomy on chromosome 5. The syndrome is characterized by a number of symptoms, particularly a malformed larynx which causes the voice of the patient to sound strangely high pitched. Developmental disabilities may also be present.

* Morvan disease is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by irregular contractions of the long muscles, cramping, weakness, pruritus, hyperhidrosis, insomnia, and delirium. It normally presents with a slow insidious onset over months to years. Approximately 90% of cases spontaneously go into remission, while the other 10% of cases lead to death.

* Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is a syndrome of unknown origin that mainly affects young children. It causes fever, reddening of the eyes (conjunctivitis) and lips and mucous membranes of the mouth, ulcerative gum disease (gingivitis), swollen glands in the neck (cervical lymphadenopathy), and a rash that is raised and bright red (maculoerythematous) in a glove-and-sock fashion over the hands and feet. The skin there becomes hard, swollen (edematous), and peels. The name "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome" is descriptive because the disease is characterized by the typical changes in the mucus membranes that line the lips and mouth and by the enlarged and tender lymph glands.

* Mucopolysaccharidoses, group of inherited metabolic diseases caused by the absence or malfunctioning of certain enzymes.

* Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney is a condition in which the internal structures of one or both of a fetus’ kidneys do not develop normally while in the womb. During normal development, two thin tubes of muscle called ureters grow into the kidneys and branch out to form a network of tiny structures called tubules. The tubules collect urine as the fetus grows in the womb. In kidney dysplasia, the tubules fail to branch out completely. Urine that would normally flow through the tubules has nowhere to go. Urine collects inside the affected kidney and forms fluid-filled sacs called cysts. The cysts replace normal kidney tissue and prevent the kidney from functioning. Kidney dysplasia can affect one kidney or both kidneys. Babies with severe kidney dysplasia affecting both kidneys generally do not survive birth. Children with dysplasia in only one kidney have normal kidney function if the other kidney is unaffected. Genetic factors can cause kidney dysplasia. Genetic syndromes that affect multiple body systems can also cause kidney dysplasia. A baby may also develop kidney dysplasia if his or her mother takes certain prescription medications during pregnancy, such as some used to treat seizures and high blood pressure. A mother’s use of illegal drugs, such as cocaine, during pregnancy may also cause kidney dysplasia in her unborn child. Kidney dysplasia is a common condition. Scientists estimate that kidney dysplasia affects about one in 4,000 babies. About half of the babies diagnosed with this condition have other urinary tract defects. Many babies with kidney dysplasia in only one kidney have no signs of the condition. In some cases, the affected kidney may be enlarged at birth and may cause pain. Complications of kidney dysplasia can include hydronephrosis of the working kidney. A baby with kidney dysplasia in only one kidney might have other urinary tract defects. Urinary tract infection. High blood pressure. A slightly increased chance of developing kidney cancer.

* Multiple hamartoma syndrome is a condition characterized by more than one hamartoma. A hamartoma is a mostly benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. Cutaneous features include: Benign lesions of the skin and mucosa, known as hamartomas (benign tumours made up of a mixture of mature cells normally found in that tissue). At least one of the four types of skin lesions are present in nearly all cases. Facial papules – flesh-coloured flat-topped dry or warty 1-5mm papules around the mouth, nostrils and eyes. Oral lesions – numerous 1-3 mm smooth whitish spots on the gums and palate that join together to create a cobblestone appearance known as papillomatosis. Acral keratoses – flesh-coloured or slightly pigmented smooth or warty papules on the upper surface of hands and feet. These occur in more than 60% of patients. Palmoplantar keratoses – scaly spots on the palms and soles occur in about 40% of patients. Other skin lesions occurring less frequently include lipomas, neuromas and haemangiomas. Non-cutaneous features include: Abnormalities of the thyroid are present in about 60% of patients. These are usually harmless growths but occasionally may be cancerous. Breast tumours: These are the most important non-cutaneous association. Fibrocystic disease resulting in benign lumps in the breasts is present in about 75% of women. Breast cancer occurs in 20-36% of patients. Gastrointestinal polyps and other abnormalities are present in about 72% of patients. Genitourinary tract involvement may include ovarian cysts and cancers. Central nervous system – development of Lhermitte-Duclos disease caused by hamartomatous growths of the cerebellum (rare). Skeletal abnormalities such as bone cysts. At least 40% of patients with multiple hamartoma syndrome have at least one cancer.

* Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow plasma cells, white blood cells that make antibodies. A cancerous or malignant plasma cell is called a myeloma cell. Myeloma is called “multiple” because there are frequently multiple patches or areas in bone where it grows. It can appear as both a tumor and/or an area of bone loss, and it affects the places where bone marrow is active in an adult: the hollow area within the bones of the spine, skull, pelvis, rib cage, and the areas around the shoulders and hips. The major features of myeloma result from the abnormal accumulation of myeloma cells within the bone marrow, causing: Disruption of normal bone marrow function reflected by anemia and/or low white counts or platelet counts; Destruction and invasion of bone and surrounding areas of bone marrow involvement; Production and release of monoclonal protein from the myeloma cells into the blood stream and/or into the urine; Reduction of normal immune function, reflected by reduced levels of normal immunoglobulins and increased susceptibility to infection. Infection is also more likely if the white blood cell count is low. Symptoms: Persistent or worsening tiredness due to anemia or reduced kidney function; Sudden pain due to a broken bone in the spine, ribs, or elsewhere; Recurrent unexplained infections, such as pneumonia, sinus, or urinary infection. Signs: Pain with movement and/or at night/rest; Pain tenderness/swelling of bone areas; Swelling, shortness of breath or evidence of heart or kidney failure [late stages of the disease]. Multiple myeloma is the second most common blood cancer in the world.

* Mumps, contagious disease of the salivary glands, caused by the mumps virus, that leads to painful swelling.

* Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and become healthy blood cells. Early on there are typically no symptoms. Later symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bleeding, or frequent infections. Some types may develop into acute myeloid leukemia. Risk factors include previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, exposure to certain chemicals such as tobacco smoke, pesticides, and benzene, and exposure to heavy metals such as mercury or lead. Problems with blood cell formation result in some combination of low red blood cells, low platelets, and low white blood cells. Some types have an increase in immature blood cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow or blood. The types of MDS are based on specific changes in the blood cells and bone marrow. About 7 per 100,000 people are affected with about 4 per 100,000 people newly acquiring the condition each year. The typical age of onset is 70 years old. The outlook depends on the type of cells affected, the amount of blasts in the bone marrow or blood, and the changes present in the chromosomes of the affected cells. The typical survival rate following diagnosis is 2.5 years. Signs and symptoms are nonspecific and generally related to the blood cytopenias: Anemia (low RBC count or reduced hemoglobin) —chronic tiredness, shortness of breath, chilled sensation, sometimes chest pain; Neutropenia (low neutrophil count) — increased susceptibility to infection; Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) — increased susceptibility to bleeding and ecchymosis (bruising), as well as subcutaneous hemorrhaging resulting in purpura or petechiae. Many individuals are asymptomatic, and blood cytopenia or other problems are identified as a part of a routine blood count: neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia (low cell counts of white and red blood cells, and platelets, respectively); splenomegaly or rarely hepatomegaly; abnormal granules in cells, abnormal nuclear shape and size; and/or chromosomal abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations and abnormal chromosome number. Although there is some risk for developing acute myelogenous leukemia, about 50% of deaths occur as a result of bleeding or infection. However, leukemia that occurs as a result of myelodysplasia is notoriously resistant to treatment. Anemia dominates the early course. Most symptomatic patients complain of the gradual onset of fatigue and weakness, dyspnea, and pallor, but at least half the patients are asymptomatic and their MDS is discovered only incidentally on routine blood counts. Previous chemotherapy or radiation exposure is an important fact in the person's medical history. Fever and weight loss should point to a myeloproliferative rather than myelodysplastic process.

* Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), also myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of diseases of the bone marrow in which excess cells are produced. They are related to, and may evolve into, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, although the myeloproliferative diseases on the whole have a much better prognosis than these conditions. The increased numbers of blood cells may not cause any symptoms, but a number of medical problems or symptoms may occur. The risk of thrombosis is increased in some types of MPN. All MPNs arise from precursors of the myeloid lineages in the bone marrow. The lymphoid lineage may produce similar diseases, the lymphoproliferative disorders (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma). Though myeloproliferative disorders are serious, and may pose certain health risks, people with these conditions often live for many years after diagnosis. The prognosis largely depends on the type of disorder. Many people with myeloproliferative disorders have no symptoms when their doctors first make the diagnosis. One symptom shared by all myeloproliferative disorders, with the exception of essential thrombocytosis, is an enlarged spleen. An enlarged spleen can cause abdominal pain and a feeling of fullness. Myeloproliferative disorders include: Polycythemia vera. Occurs when the bone marrow produces too many blood cells, especially red blood cells. More than 95% of people with polycythemia vera carry the blood mutation JAK2V617F. Essential thrombocytosis. Occurs when the body produces too many platelet cells, which help blood to clot. Clots can block blood vessels leading to heart attack or stroke. Primary or idiopathic myelofibrosis, also known as myelosclerosis. Occurs when the bone marrow produces too much collagen or fibrous tissue in the bone marrow. This reduces bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Cancer of the bone marrow that produces abnormal granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the bone marrow.

* Myocardial infarction (MI)) commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest. Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others.

* Myocarditis is a disease marked by the inflammation of the heart muscle. This heart muscle is known as the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart wall. This muscle is responsible for contracting and releasing to pump blood in and out of the heart and to the rest of the body. When this muscle becomes inflamed, its ability to pump blood becomes less effective. This causes problems like an irregular heartbeat, and trouble breathing. In extreme cases, it can cause blood clots, heart attack, stroke, or damage to the heart. Normally, inflammation is a bodily response to any sort of wound or infection. The immune system in your body is producing special cells to rush to the site of the wound and implement repairs. Sometimes this can help speed along the healing process, but other times, inflammation becomes myocarditis. Myocarditis is usually caused by viral (most common), bacterial, or fungal infections that make their way to the heart. As the infection tries to take hold, the immune system fights back, releasing chemicals to try to get rid of the disease. This results in inflammation. However, it can backfire and weaken the heart itself. Some autoimmune diseases, like lupus, can cause the immune system to turn against the heart, resulting in inflammation and damage. The dangerous thing about myocarditis is that it can affect anyone, occur at any age, and often proceeds without displaying any symptoms. If symptoms do develop, they often resemble those symptoms one might experience with the flu, such as: fatigue, shortness of breath, fever, joint pain or swelling, achy feeling in the chest. Many times, myocarditis may subside on its own without treatment, much like a cut on your finger would eventually heal. Even more serious cases that go on for a long time may never create symptoms of heart failure, but secretly may cause damage to the heart muscle. In other instances, the heart will start to reveal its struggles, with symptoms like shortness of breath, heart palpitations or rapid heartbeat, and congestive heart failure.

* Myoclonus, sudden and uncontrollable jerks of a muscle or a group of muscles.

* Myopathies structural, muscular disease in which the muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in muscular weakness.

* Myxoma is a myxoid tumor of primitive connective tissue. Myxomas are the most common type of primary heart tumor. The tumor is derived from multipotential mesenchymal cells and may cause a ball valve-type obstruction. About 75% of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart, usually beginning in the wall that divides the two upper chambers of the heart. The rest are in the right atrium, rarely in the left ventricle. Right atrial myxomas are sometimes associated with tricuspid stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Symptoms may occur at any time, but most often they accompany a change of body position. Pedunculated myxomas can have a "wrecking ball effect", as they lead to stasis and may eventually embolize themselves. A cutaneous myxoma, AKA superficial angiomyxoma, consists of a multilobulated myxoid mass containing stellate or spindled fibroblasts with pools of mucin forming cleft-like spaces. There is often a proliferation of blood vessels and an inflammatory infiltrate. Clinically, it may present as solitary or multiple flesh-colored nodules on the face, trunk, or extremities. It may occur as part of the Carney complex, and is sometimes the first sign. Local recurrence is common. The odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor arising from embryonic connective tissue associated with tooth formation. As a myxoma, this tumor consists mainly of spindle shaped cells and scattered collagen fibers distributed through a loose, mucoid material. Odontogenic myxomas have been found in patients ranging in age between 10 and 50 years, however, they are most commonly diagnosed in young adults (specifically between 25 and 35 years of age). The mandible is more likely to be affected than the maxilla. The region between the molar and premolar is the site of most common occurrence for multilocular lesions while the anterior portion of the mouth favors a smaller, unilocular variety.