Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format

Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format - L

The frequencies used in these sessions are based upon Rife sets for resonant therapy devices masked in Algorithmic piano music.

More information regarding the items in the list is given below the list.

List of Treatment combo Sessions of Modern Medicine in Digital format for problems/products available at us for just Rs. 1,000/- for any 5 sessions from any one or multiple Treatment combo Sessions for 30 doses per session (2 times a day for 15 days) in max 15 days.

1) Labyrinth Diseases
2) Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
3) Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
4) Lactation Disorders
5) Lactobacillus Acidophilus
6) Lactose Intolerance
7) Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
8) Laryngeal Diseases
9) Laryngeal Stenosis
10) Laryngitis
11) Laryngomalacia
12) Lassa Fever
13) Lateral Bulbar Syndrome
14) Lateral Sclerosis
15) Leaky Gut Syndrome
16) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
17) Leg Ulcer
18) Leishmaniasis
19) Lentiginosis Perioral
20) Lentigo
21) Leprosy
22) Leptospirosis
23) Leucine Metabolism Disorders
24) Leukemia
25) Leukoencephalitis Subacute Sclerosing
26) Leukopenia
27) Lichen Planus
28) Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
29) Light Sensitivity
30) Lipodystrophy
31) Lipodystrophy Intestinal
32) Lipoma
33) Lipomatosis
34) Livedo Reticularis Systemic
35) Liver Diseases
36) Loiasis
37) Lordosis
38) Ludwig Angina
39) Lumbago
40) Lung Abscess
41) Lung Collapse
42) Lung Diseases
43) Lung Diseases-Interstitial
44) Lymphadenitis
45) Lymphangioma
46) Lymphatic Diseases
47) Lymphedema
48) Lymphogranuloma Venereum
49) Lymphoproliferative Disorders
50) Lysosomal Storage Diseases

* Lacrimal or nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is the obstruction of nasolacrimal duct and may be either congenital or acquired. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora. Involutional stenosis is probably the most common cause of NLD obstruction in older persons. It affects women twice as frequently as men. Dacryoliths or cast formation, within the lacrimal sac can also produce obstruction of the NLD. Sinus disease often occurs in conjunction with, and in other instances may contribute to the development of NLD obstruction. Naso-orbital fractures may involve the NLD. Granulomatous disease, including sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis,and midline granuloma, may also lead to NLD obstruction. As with similar cases of canalicular obstruction, dislodged punctal and canalicular plugs can migrate to and occlude the NLD. Neoplasm should be considered in any patient presenting with NLD obstruction.In patients with an atypical presentation, including younger age and male gender,further workup is appropriate. Bloody punctal discharge or lacrimal sac distension above the medial canthal tendon is also highly suggestive of neoplasm. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or dacryostenosis, occurs when the lacrimal duct has failed to open at the time of birth, most often due to an imperforate membrane at the valve of Hasner. Around 6% of infants have CLDO, usually experiencing a persistent watery eye even when not crying. If a secondary infection occurs (Dacryocystitis), purulent (yellow / green) discharge may be present.

* Lactation disorders, disturbances of milk secretion in either sex, not necessarily related to pregnancy.

* Lactose intolerance is the inability of adults and children to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and to a lesser extent dairy products, causing side effects. It is due to a lactase deficiency, or hypolactasia. Lactose intolerant individuals have insufficient levels of lactase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose, in their digestive system. In most cases, this causes symptoms which may include abdominal bloating and cramps, flatulence, diarrhea, nausea, rumbling stomach, or vomiting after consuming significant amounts of lactose. Most mammals normally cease to produce lactase (lactase nonpersistence), becoming lactose intolerant, after weaning, but some human populations have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase production continues into adulthood.

* Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, neuromuscular disorder which causes progressive muscle weakness, usually first noticed in the upper legs and upper arms.

* Laryngeal diseases may be caused by vocal abuse, misuse, and overuse: Several disorders of the larynx can be caused by strain or injury to the vocal cords through excessive talking, throat clearing, coughing, smoking, screaming, singing, or speaking too loudly or too low. Eventually, frequent vocal abuse and misuse can cause permanent changes in vocal function and possibly the loss of voice. Almost every disorder of the larynx may result in more than one symptom, and there is no single symptom associated with a specific disorder of the larynx. For example, hoarseness, limitations in pitch and loudness, shortness of breath or increased vocal effort may be a sign of any number of disorders of the larynx.

* Laryngomalacia (literally, "soft larynx") is the most common cause of stridor in infancy, in which the soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, causing airway obstruction. It can also be seen in older patients, especially those with neuromuscular conditions resulting in weakness of the muscles of the throat. However, the infantile form is much more common. Laryngomalacia results in partial airway obstruction, most commonly causing a characteristic high-pitched squeaking noise on inhalation (inspiratory stridor). Some infants have feeding difficulties related to this problem. Rarely, children will have significant life-threatening airway obstruction. The vast majority, however, will only have stridor without other more serious symptoms such as dyspnea (difficulty breathing).

* Laryngotracheal stenosis refers to abnormal narrowing of the central air passageways. This can occur at the level of the larynx, trachea, carina or main bronchi. In a small number of patients narrowing may be present in more than one anatomical location. The most common symptom of laryngotracheal stenosis is gradually-worsening breathlessness (dyspnea) particularly when undertaking physical activities (exertional dyspnea). The patient may also experience added respiratory sounds which in the more severe cases can be identified as stridor but in many cases can be readily mistaken for wheeze.

* Lassa fever is an acute viral illness that occurs in west Africa. The virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne. Transmission of Lassa virus to humans occurs most commonly through ingestion or inhalation. Mastomys rodents shed the virus in urine and droppings and direct contact with these materials, through touching soiled objects, eating contaminated food, or exposure to open cuts or sores, can lead to infection. Mild symptoms include slight fever, general malaise and weakness, and headache. In 20% of infected individuals, however, disease may progress to more serious symptoms including hemorrhaging (in gums, eyes, or nose, as examples), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock. Neurological problems have also been described, including hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis. Death may occur within two weeks after symptom onset due to multi-organ failure.

* Lateral bulbar syndrome is a disorder in which the patient has a constellation of neurologic symptoms due to injury to the lateral part of the medulla in the brain, resulting in tissue ischemia and necrosis. his syndrome is characterized by sensory deficits affecting the trunk (torso) and extremities on the opposite side of the infarction and sensory deficits affecting the face and cranial nerves on the same side with the infarct. Specifically, there is a loss of pain and temperature sensation on the contralateral (opposite) side of the body and ipsilateral (same) side of the face. Affected persons have difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) resulting from involvement of the nucleus ambiguus, as well as slurred speech (dysarthria) and disordered vocal quality (dysphonia) . Damage to the spinal trigeminal nucleus causes absence of pain on the ipsilateral side of the face, as well as an absent corneal reflex. Nystagmus and vertigo may result in falling, caused from involvement of the region of Deiters' nucleus and other vestibular nuclei. Onset is usually acute with severe vertigo.

* Leaky gut syndrome is a little known but very common disorder that refers to an irritated and inflamed small intestine. This irritation or inflammation results in foreign substances being absorbed into the bloodstream thus causing symptoms and other health problems.

* Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is thickening of the heart muscle of the left ventricle of the heart, that is, left-sided ventricular hypertrophy. While ventricular hypertrophy occurs naturally as a reaction to aerobic exercise and strength training, it is most frequently referred to as a pathological reaction to cardiovascular disease, or high blood pressure. It is one aspect of ventricular remodeling. While LVH itself is not a disease, it is usually a marker for disease involving the heart. Disease processes that can cause LVH include any disease that increases the afterload that the heart has to contract against, and some primary diseases of the muscle of the heart. Causes of increased afterload that can cause LVH include aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency and hypertension. Primary disease of the muscle of the heart that cause LVH are known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, which can lead into heart failure. Long-standing mitral insufficiency also leads to LVH as a compensatory mechanism. The enlargement is not permanent in all cases, and in some cases the growth can regress with the reduction of blood pressure. LVH may be a factor in determining treatment or diagnosis for other conditions. For example, LVH causes a patient to have an irregular ECG.

* Leg ulcer refers to full thickness skin loss on the leg or foot due to any cause. Leg ulcers occur in association with a range of disease processes, most commonly with blood circulation diseases.

* Leishmaniasis, also spelled leishmaniosis, is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies. The disease can present in three main ways: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis. The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose, and the visceral form starts with skin ulcers and then later presents with fever, low red blood cells, and enlarged spleen and liver.

* Lentiginosis perioral, also Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is characterized by the development of noncancerous growths called hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract (particularly the stomach and intestines) and a greatly increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. Children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome often develop small, dark-colored spots on the lips, around and inside the mouth, near the eyes and nostrils, and around the anus. These spots may also occur on the hands and feet. They appear during childhood and often fade as the person gets older. In addition, most people with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome develop multiple polyps in the stomach and intestines during childhood or adolescence. Polyps can cause health problems such as recurrent bowel obstructions, chronic bleeding, and abdominal pain. People with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome have a high risk of developing cancer during their lifetimes. Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, cervix, ovary, and breast are among the most commonly reported tumors.

* Lentigo, pigmented spots on the skin.

* Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions (light or dark patches) are the primary external sign. If untreated, leprosy can progress and cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Secondary infections, in turn, can result in tissue loss causing fingers and toes to become shortened and deformed, as cartilage is absorbed into the body.

* Leptospirosis is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome. Leptospirosis is transmitted by the urine of an infected animal and is contagious as long as the urine is still moist. Although Leptospira has been detected in reptiles and birds, only mammals are able to transmit the bacterium to humans and other animals.

* Leucine metabolism disorders. Leucine is an essential amino acid utilized in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle tissue.

* Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells.

* Leukoencephalitis subacute sclerosing or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). The disease may develop due to reactivation of the measles virus or an inappropriate immune response to the measles virus. SSPE usually develops 2 to 10 years after the original viral attack. Initial symptoms may include memory loss, irritability, seizures, involuntary muscle movements, and/or behavioral changes, leading to neurological deterioration.

* Leukopenia, a decrease in the number of white blood cells found in the blood. It increases the risk of an infection.

* Lichen planus, condition that forms an itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth.

* Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSetA) or lichen sclerosus (LS), is a disease of unknown cause that results in white patches on the skin, which may cause scarring on and around genital or sometimes other skin. There is a bimodal age distribution in the incidence of LS. It occurs in females with an average age of diagnosis of 7.6 years in girls and 60 years old in women. The average age of diagnosis in boys is 9�11 years old. Several risk factors have been proposed, including autoimmune diseases, infections and genetic predisposition. There is evidence that LS can be associated with thyroid disease. Women are more commonly affected than men (10 to 1 ratio), particularly around and after menopause, but younger women or girls may also develop the disease. The condition most commonly occurs on the vulva and around the anus with ivory-white elevations that may be flat and glistening. There may be marked itching or the condition may be without any symptoms. There may also be thinning and shrinkage of the genital area that may make coitus, urination, and defecation painful. In males, the disease may take the form of whitish thickening of the foreskin, which cannot be retracted easily (phimosis). In contrast to women, there is no perianal involvement. In men, this genital involvement has traditionally been known as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO). Only 6% of LS are isolated extragenital lesions. On the non-genital skin, the disease may manifest as porcelain-white spots with small visible plugs inside the orifices of hair follicles or sweat glands on the surface. Thinning of the skin may also occur.

* Light sensitivity, notable or increased reactivity to light.

* Lipodystrophy intestinal, or Whipple's disease, is a rare systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. Whipple's disease primarily causes malabsorption but may affect any part of the body including the heart, brain, joints, skin, lungs and the eyes.Whipple�s disease interferes with normal digestion by impairing the breakdown of foods, such as fats and carbohydrates, and hampering the body�s ability to absorb nutrients. Symptoms tend to develop slowly over a period of many years in most people with this disease. In some cases, some symptoms, such as joint pain and weight loss, develop years before the gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are common in Whipple�s disease and may include: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramping and pain, which may worsen after meals, Weight loss, associated with the malabsorption of nutrients. Other frequent signs and symptoms associated with Whipple�s disease include: Inflamed joints, particularly your ankles, knees and wrists, Fatigue, Weakness, Anemia. In some cases, signs and symptoms of Whipple�s disease may include: Fever, Cough, Enlarged lymph nodes, Skin darkening (hyperpigmentation) in areas exposed to the sun and in scars, Chest pain, Enlarged spleen. Neurological signs and symptoms may include: Difficulty walking, Visual impairment, including lack of control of eye movements, Seizures, Confusion, Memory loss. The presentation can be highly variable and approximately 15% of patients do not have the classic signs and symptoms. Whipple's disease is significantly more common in men, with 87% of the patients being male.

* Lipodystrophy, irregularities in the lipids -fat absorption process.

* Lipoma is a very slow growing, fatty lump normally found situated between the skin and the muscle layer underneath the skin. Most often a lipoma is very simple to identify since it will easily move if there is any pressure on it. When touched it is very doughy and normally not tender. There may be more than one. They can develop at any age but most often occur during mid life. A lipoma is not a cancer and is typically not dangerous. Lipomas are usually found on back, neck, arms as well as shoulder, but they can develop on any other part of the body. Additionally, men are most likely to develop multiple lipomas than woman, although either sex is more equally likely to have single developments. Often, the most troublesome symptom is the location or the increase in size which makes the lipoma obviously noticeable by others.

* Lipomatosis, uneven distribution of lipids or fat deposits in the body.

* Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. The discoloration is caused by swelling of the venules owing to obstruction of capillaries by small blood clots. The blood clots in the small blood vessels can be a secondary effect of a condition that increases a person's risk of forming blood clots, including a wide array of pathological and nonpathological conditions . Examples include hyperlipidemia, microvascular hematological or anemia states, nutritional deficiencies, hyper- and autoimmune diseases, and drugs/toxins. The condition may be normal or related to more severe underlying pathology. Its differential diagnosis is broadly divided into possible blood diseases, autoimmune (rheumatologic) diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and endocrine disorders. It may be aggravated by exposure to cold, and occurs most often in the lower extremities.

* Loiasis is caused by the Loa loa, a thread-like worm that lives under the skin in the subcutaneous fat. Because it is often spotted migrating in the eye, it is known as the eye worm. Loiasis is endemic to 11 countries and 12 million Africans are infected. Loiasis is carried by day-biting deer and mango flies (Chrysops silacea and Chrysops dimidiata). Loiasis can be asymptomatic. Native people are more likely to have symptoms than tourists. Adult worms (both living and dead) and their metabolic byproducts (waste) can cause localized subcutaneous itching and allergic reactions. The inflammation may cause red skin eruptions and swelling in the deeper layers of the skin which can last many weeks. Migrating adults can cause instant pain, when moving in sensitive areas, for example, across the surface of the eye. Loiasis is often the cause of eosinophilia (large quantities of eosinophil granulocytes, white cells, that use antigens and special proteins to fight against foreign organisms such as parasites.). Other symptoms that may occur: arthritis (joint pain), colonic lesion (damaged large intestine), inflammation, swelling and accumulation of fluid in testicles, lymphadenitis (infection of the lymph glands), membranous glomerulonephritis (kidney disease), peripheral neuropathy (damaged peripheral nervous system), retinopathy (damaged retina (thin layer on the back wall of the eye)).

* Lordosis, abnormal forward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region, resulting in a swaybacked posture.

* Ludwig's angina is a serious, potentially life-threatening cellulitis, or connective tissue infection, of the floor of the mouth, usually occurring in adults with concomitant dental infections and if left untreated, may obstruct the airways, necessitating tracheostomy. Dental infections account for approximately 80% of cases of Ludwig's angina. Mixed infections, due to both aerobes and anaerobes, are of the cellulitis associated with Ludwig's angina. Typically, these include alpha-hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci and bacteroides groups. The route of infection in most cases is from infected lower molars or from pericoronitis, which is an infection of the gums surrounding the partially erupted lower (usually third) molars. Although the widespread involvement seen in Ludwig's usually develops in immunocompromised persons, it can also develop in otherwise healthy individuals. Ludwig's angina is a fascial space infection with bilateral involvement of the submandibular, sublingual and submental spaces. The external signs may include bilateral lower facial edema around the mandible and upper neck. Intraoral signs may include a raised floor of mouth due to sublingual space involvement and posterior displacement of the tongue. Symptoms may include dysphagia, odynophagia, difficulty breathing, and pain.

* Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. This pus-filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness from injury. Alcoholism is the most common condition predisposing to lung abscesses. Onset of symptoms is often gradual, but in necrotizing staphylococcal or gram-negative bacillary pneumonias patients can be acutely ill. Cough, fever with shivering, and night sweats are often present. Cough can be productive of foul smelling purulent mucus (≈70%) or less frequently with blood in one third of cases). Affected individuals may also complain of chest pain, shortness of breath, lethargy and other features of chronic illness. Those with a lung abscess are generally cachectic at presentation. Finger clubbing is present in one third of patients. Dental decay is common especially in alcoholics and children. On examination of the chest there will be features of consolidation such as localized dullness on percussion and bronchial breath sounds. Conditions contributing to lung abscess: Aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric secretion. Septic emboli. Necrotizing pneumonia. Vasculitis: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Necrotizing tumors: 8% to 18% are due to neoplasms across all age groups, higher in older people; primary squamous carcinoma of the lung is the most common. Anaerobic bacteria: Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium species. Microaerophilic streptococcus : Streptococcus milleri. Aerobic bacteria: Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Mycobacteria. Fungi: Candida, Aspergillus. Parasites: Entamoeba histolytica.

* Lung collapse or atelectasis is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It may affect part or all of a lung. It is usually not bilateral. It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid. It is often called a collapsed lung, although that term may also refer to pneumothorax. Although frequently described as a collapse of lung tissue, atelectasis is not synonymous with a pneumothorax, which is a more specific condition that features atelectasis. Acute atelectasis may occur as a post-operative complication or as a result of surfactant deficiency. In premature neonates, this leads to infant respiratory distress syndrome. May have no signs and symptoms or they may include: cough, but not prominent; chest pain (not common); breathing difficulty (fast and shallow); low oxygen saturation; pleural effusion (transudate type); cyanosis (late sign); increased heart rate. The most common cause is post-surgical atelectasis, characterized by splinting, i.e. restricted breathing after abdominal surgery. Other most common cause is pulmonary Koch. Smokers and the elderly are at an increased risk. Outside of this context, atelectasis implies some blockage of a bronchiole or bronchus, which can be within the airway (foreign body, mucus plug), from the wall (tumor, usually squamous cell carcinoma) or compressing from the outside (tumor, lymph node, tubercle). Another cause is poor surfactant spreading during inspiration, causing the surface tension to be at its highest which tends to collapse smaller alveoli. Atelectasis may also occur during suction, as along with sputum, air is withdrawn from the lungs.

* Lung interstitial diseases, large group of diseases that inflame or scar the lungs. The inflammation and scarring make it hard to get enough oxygen.

* Lymphadenitis, inflammation of a lymph node.

* Lymphangiomas are malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by lesions that are thin-walled cysts; these cysts can be macroscopic, as in a cystic hygroma, or microscopic. The lymphatic system is the network of vessels responsible for returning to the venous system excess fluid from tissues as well as the lymph nodes that filter this fluid for signs of pathogens. These malformations can occur at any age and may involve any part of the body, but 90% occur in children less than 2 years of age and involve the head and neck. These malformations are either congenital or acquired. Most lymphangiomas are benign lesions that result only in a soft, slow-growing, "doughy" mass. Since they have no chance of becoming malignant, lymphangiomas are usually treated for cosmetic reasons only. Rarely, impingement upon critical organs may result in complications, such as respiratory distress when a lymphangioma compresses the airway. There are three distinct types of lymphangioma, each with their own symptoms. They are distinguished by the depth and the size of abnormal lymph vessels, but all involve a malformation of the lymphic system. Lymphangioma circumscriptum can be found on the skin's surface, and the other two types of lymphangiomas occur deeper under the skin.

* Lymphedema is a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system, which normally returns interstitial fluid to the thoracic duct, then the bloodstream. The condition can be inherited or can be caused by a birth defect, though it is frequently caused by cancer treatments and by parasitic infections. Symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or fullness, edema, and (occasionally) aching pain in the affected area. In advanced lymphedema, there may be the presence of skin changes such as discoloration, verrucous (wart-like) hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis; and eventually deformity (elephantiasis). Lymphedema should not be confused with edema arising from venous insufficiency, which is not lymphedema. However, untreated venous insufficiency can progress into a combined venous/lymphatic disorder which is treated the same way as lymphedema. Lymphedema affects approximately 140 million people worldwide. Lymphedema may be inherited (primary) or caused by injury to the lymphatic vessels (secondary). It is most frequently seen after lymph node dissection, surgery and/or radiation therapy, in which damage to the lymphatic system is caused during the treatment of cancer, most notably breast cancer. In many patients with cancer, this condition does not develop until months or even years after therapy has concluded. Lymphedema may also be associated with accidents or certain diseases or problems that may inhibit the lymphatic system from functioning properly. In tropical areas of the world, a common cause of secondary lymphedema is filariasis, a parasitic infection. It can also be caused by a compromising of the lymphatic system resulting from cellulitis.

* Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an uncommon sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. LGV is endemic in certain areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, India, the Caribbean, and South America. It is rare in industrialized countries, but in the last 10 years has been increasingly recognized in North America, Europe, and the United Kingdom as causing outbreaks of proctitis among men who have sex with men (MSM). LGV is a subtype of genital ulcer diseases that include other STDs, such as HSV-2, syphilis, and chancroid. This condition is characterized by self-limited genital papules or ulcers followed by painful inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy, which may be the only clinical manifestation at presentation. Patients with LGV may also present with rectal ulcerations and symptoms of proctocolitis, especially among patients participating in receptive anal intercourse. In these cases, rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding may be confused with other GI conditions such as colitis. If left untreated, disfiguring ulceration and enlargement of the external genitalia, and subsequent lymphatic obstruction, may occur.

* Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) refer to several conditions in which lymphocytes are produced in excessive quantities. They typically occur in people who have a compromised immune system. They are sometimes equated with "immunoproliferative disorders", but technically lymphoproliferative disorders are a subset of immunoproliferative disorders, along with hypergammaglobulinemia and paraproteinemias. Lymphoproliferative disorders are a set of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes into a monoclonal lymphocytosis. The two major types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells, which are derived from pluripotent hematopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow. Individuals who have some sort of dysfunction with their immune system are susceptible to develop a lymphoproliferative disorder because when any of the numerous control points of the immune system become dysfunctional, immunodeficiency or deregulation of lymphocytes is more likely to occur. Lymph nodes are distributed throughout the body to fight against infection. The spleen, located in the left upper section of the abdomen, stores blood and also protects the body against infection. In those with a lymphoproliferative disorder, increased lymphocytes in the bloodstream can lead to the enlargement of the lymph nodes and the spleen. Many of these disorders originate from inherited conditions and sometimes are caused by acquired immune system dysfunction. Other cases, however, have no known cause.

* Lysosomal storage diseases, produce an abnormal accumulation of a protein, lipid, pigment, or other compound in the body.