Modern Medicine in Digital format

* Ebola peptides. Six scytovirin peptides, griffithsin peptide, E109 peptide, E112 peptide, Tat-Ebo peptide and melatonin.

* Ebola vaccine. A vaccine from immunodominant epitope peptide 98 at amino acids #389-403 (HNTPVYKLDISEATQ) of GP (ZEBOV-GP)

* Ebselen is a synthetic organoselenium drug molecule with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. It acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase and can also react with peroxynitrite. It is being investigated as a possible treatment for reperfusion injury, stroke, hearing loss, tinnitus, and bipolar disorder. Additionally, ebselen may be effective against Clostridium difficile infections and has been shown to have antifungal activity Aspergillus fumigatus. Ebselen is a potent scavenger of hydrogen peroxide as well as hydroperoxides including membrane bound phospholipid and cholesterylester hydroperoxides. Preliminary studies demonstrate that Ebselen exhibits promising inhibitory activity against COVID-19 in cell-based assays. The effect was attributed to irreversible inhibition of the main protease via a covalent bond formation with the thiol group of the active center's cysteine (Cys-145).

* Echinocandin-B lipopeptide, is a naturally occurring cyclic hexapeptide with a linoleoyl side chain. It belongs to a class of antifungal agents called echinocandins, which inhibits the synthesis of glucan, a major component of the fungal cell wall, via noncompetitive inhibition of a crucial enzyme, beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase.

* EDIL3 (Del-1) factor' protein is known to restrain the immune system by stopping white blood cells from sticking to and attacking mouth tissue. New research reveals that deterioration in gum health which often occurs with increasing age is associated with a drop in the level of a protein produced by EDIL3. Mice that had no Del-1 developed severe gum disease and elevated bone loss and researchers found unusually high levels of white blood cells in the gum tissue. When they treated the gums of the mice with Del-1, the number of white blood cells dropped, and gum disease and bone loss were reduced.

* EE-3-SO4 is a drug derived from the female hormone estrogen that may help patients with severe bleeding survive long enough to get to appropriate medical care. It is extremely effective in improving cardiovascular functions and boosting survival rates following injuries with extreme hemorrhage. EE-3-SO4 could have major implications for treating trauma, from battlefield injuries to life threatening hemorrhage following any injury. Severely hemorrhaging patients -those who experience approximately 40 percent or more blood loss- who do not receive fluid or blood product resuscitation within a few hours usually do not survive. EE-3-SO4 does not stop a patient from bleeding, but appears to help the body respond to extreme blood loss by mobilizing a variety of physiologic mechanisms. The drug appears to work in three ways. It helps the heart beat more efficiently, enabling it to fully expand and contract while pumping to maximize blood flow. It lowers resistance to blood flow to vital organs, and then gradually elevates blood pressure and promotes sufficient blood flow throughout the body. It recruits fluid from surrounding tissue, increasing blood volume to compensate for blood loss from the wound or injury. The average person has about 10 liters of this interstitial fluid in tissue and about 5 liters of blood.

* EGLEPG peptide (EGLEPG) corresponds to a broadly bioactive xGxxPG consensus sequence first identified in elastin degradation products. Peptides matching this motif not only regulate MMP and TIMP expression in endothelial cells, dermal fibroblasts, and macrophages, but also stimulate migratory, proliferative, and morphogenic behaviors in these cells, as well as in keratinocytes. In vivo, xGxxPG peptides stimulate angiogenesis. This reports suggests multiple mechanisms through which xGxxPG-containing peptides may regulate tissue repair, including protease/inhibitor modulation and progenitor cell chemotaxis in a large animal model of diabetic wounds.

* Elafin peptide is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and might be active to prevent tissue rejection and minimising ischaemic tissue damage. Studies suggest effectiveness in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and carcinoma of oesophagus.

* Elobixibat is an inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT), undergoing development in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). IBAT is the bile acid:sodium symporter responsible for the reuptake of bile acids in the ileum which is the initial step in the enterohepatic circulation. By inhibiting the uptake of bile acids, elobixibat increases the bile acid concentration in the gut, and this accelerates intestinal passage and softens the stool. Following several phase II studies, it is now undergoing phase III trials.

* Eltrombopag is a medication that has been developed for conditions that lead to thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts). It is a small molecule agonist of the c-mpl (TpoR) receptor, which is the physiological target of the hormone thrombopoietin. It is used in patients with aplastic anemia for which immunosuppression has not been successful. It has been shown to produce a trilineage hematopoesis in some patients with aplastic anemia, resulting in increased platelet counts, along with red and white blood cell counts. In preclinical studies, the compound was shown to interact selectively with the thrombopoietin receptor, leading to activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and increased proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes. Eltrombopag has been shown to be effective, in two major clinical syndromes: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and cirrhosis due to hepatitis C. ITP is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks platelets and blood fails to clot as it should.

* EMA401 is a drug under development for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. It was initially established as a potential drug option for patients suffering pain caused by postherpetic neuralgia. It may also be useful for treating various types of chronic neuropathic pains caused by lesions and other diseases affecting the somatosensory system in addition to postherpetic neuralgia. EMA401 has been implicated in alleviating pains associated with a host of neural abnormalities, ranging from excessive nerve sprouting due to damaged nerve caused by shingles, diabetes, osteoarthritis, HIV and chemotherapy. EMA401 is more effective and has virtually no central nervous system side effects in comparison to current drugs for pain relief. Pain pathways of the other functional systems have major molecular and mechanistic differences compared to pain pathways of the peripheral nervous system. EMA401 target proteins, angiotensin II type 2 receptors, are extremely important for nociception within the peripheral nervous system and less so for nociception within other functional systems. EMA401 is the first drug on the market that targets angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2R) with high affinity but has a low affinity for angiotensin II type 1 receptors.

* Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) is the main active ingredient of the Chinese medicine rhubarb. It is an effective component in rhubarb to cure intestinal dysfunction, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease that has a rapid onset and is dangerous; its mortality rate can be as high as 20%–40%. SAP may be related to the mechanisms of self-digestion of the pancreas, the cascade of inflammatory mediators caused by pancreatic tissue damage, pancreatic blood circulation disorder induced by inflammatory mediators and vasoactive substances, and secondary infection of the pancreas due to intestinal bacterial translocation; however, its pathogenesis has yet to be fully studied. Modern pharmacological research has revealed that emodin has various functions, including antioxidation, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-apoptosis. Rhubarb is used to treat SAP, improve intestinal mucosal dysfunction caused by SAP, and significantly reduce the mortality of patients with SAP. MiR-218-5p upregulation by emodin treatment might be involved in the alleviation of intestinal damage with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

* Emoxypine is an antioxidant whose chemical structure resembles that of pyridoxine (a type of vitamin B6). Emoxypine has a wide range of applications in medical practice. It purportedly exercises anxiolytic, anti-stress, anti-alcohol, anticonvulsant, nootropic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory action. Emoxypine presumably improves cerebral blood circulation, inhibits thrombocyte aggregation, lowers cholesterol levels, has cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic action. One study determined the effectiveness of emoxypine in 205 patients with clinical manifestations of lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR).

* Empty Sella Syndrome, also known as empty sella turcica, is related to diabetes insipidus and galactorrhea. An important gene associated with Empty Sella Syndrome is PRL (Prolactin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are TGF-Beta Pathway and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. The drugs Hormone Antagonists and Hormones have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, brain and testes, and related phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and neoplasm. A condition that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that protects the pituitary gland.

* Endocrine Pancreas Disease, also known as disorder of endocrine pancreas, is related to mixed cell adenoma and secondary adrenal insufficiency. An important gene associated with Endocrine Pancreas Disease is INS (Insulin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. and Developmental Biology. The drugs Pancrelipase and Melatonin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pancreas, and related phenotypes are Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) and Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2). A glucose homeostasis disorder.

* Endogenous Amylin-Insulin peptides. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of carbohydrates, especially glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells. Amylin, is also a peptide hormone. It is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic Beta cells. Amylin plays a role in glycemic regulation by slowing gastric emptying and promoting satiety, thereby preventing spikes in blood glucose levels after meals. In those who have lost a significant number of Beta cells, such as people with type 1 diabetes and those with long-time type 2 diabetes, amylin production is also likewise reduced. People with type 1 and 2 diabetes will benefit listening to this recording during meals to help manage blood sugar levels after the meal itself.

* Endogenous antioxidant enzymes, includes superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Each frequency plays for 1m unless stated otherwise.
In order, SOD2 iso 4, GPX4 cytoplasmic, GSR iso 2, GSR cytoplasmic, GSR iso 3, SOD2 iso 3, GSR iso 4, SOD1 (2m), GPX5 iso 2, GPX1 iso 2, SOD3 (2m), GPX5 iso 1, GPX6, SOD2 iso 1, GPX8, G6PD long iso, G6PD iso 3, GPX4 mitochondrial, GPX1 iso 1, CAT (2m), GPX2, G6PD short iso, GPX7, SOD2 iso 2, GSR mitochondrial, GPX3.

* Endogenous Depression, also known as unipolar depression, is related to atypical depressive disorder and postpartum depression, and has symptoms including depressed - symptom An important gene associated with Endogenous Depression is MAOA (Monoamine Oxidase A), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. The drugs Citalopram and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, testes and heart, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism. A mental depression that is characterized by a dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system and not of the monaminergic system.

* Enfuvirtide is an HIV fusion inhibitor, the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

* Enobosarm peptide is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) for treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and osteoporosis.

* Enokizumab is an humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of asthma.

* Enzymatic wound cleaner is a mix of Fibrinolysin and Bacillus cereus AlkD factor. Fibrinolysin, an enzyme, attacks and inactivates fibrin molecules occurring in undesirable exudates on the surface of the human body and on human mucosa, e.g., in superficial wounds and burns. It is used in enzymatic wound cleaning to assist healing of minor burns, superficial wounds, ulcus cruris, and superficial hematoma. Bacillus cereus AlkD factor is a DNA alkylation repair enzyme that works to recognize damaged DNA and repair it. Recent research determined that the enzyme was able to locate damaged DNA that has a positive electrical charge. Positively charged alkylated bases are among the most abundant and detrimental forms of DNA damage. AlkD forms a series of interactions with the DNA backbone at and around the lesion while the lesion is still stacked in the double helix. The mechanism capitalizes on intrinsic properties of the lesion, base mispairing and glycosidic bond instability, but does not depend on the specific geometry of the lesion. This allows AlkD to find and remove a wide variety of alkylated bases while guaranteeing that it does not cleave bases from native DNA.

* Epalrestat is a carboxylic acid derivative and a noncompetitive and reversible aldose reductase inhibitor used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which is one of the most common long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. It reduces the accumulation of intracellular sorbitol which is believed to be the cause of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy It is well tolerated, with the most commonly reported adverse effects being gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and vomiting, as well as increases in certain liver enzymes. Eparestalt may help improvement of subjective neuropathy symptoms, abnormality of vibration sense, and abnormal changes in heart beat associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

* Epclusa is a two drug-combination for hepatitis C, Sofusbuvir and Velpatasvir.

* Epelsiban is a drug which acts as a potent and selective oxytocin receptor antagonist for the treatment of premature ejaculation in men.

* Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, concentration aid, decongestant, appetite suppressant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia. Chemically, it is an alkaloid with a phenethylamine skeleton found in various plants in the genus Ephedra (family Ephedraceae). It works mainly by increasing the activity of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on adrenergic receptors.

* Epidermoid Cysts, also known as epidermoid cyst, is related to pilomatrixoma and basal cell carcinoma. An important gene associated with Epidermoid Cysts is KRT17 (Keratin 17), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Keratinization and Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling. The drugs Tranylcypromine and Thrombin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spleen, testis and skin, and related phenotypes are abnormality of the skin and epidermoid cyst. An epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst is a benign cyst usually found on the skin.

* Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The word adrenaline is used in common parlance to denote increased activation of the sympathetic system associated with the energy and excitement of the fight-or-flight response. The influence of adrenaline is mainly limited to a metabolic effect and bronchodilation effect on organs devoid of direct sympathetic innervation. Epinephrine/adrenaline is the drug of choice for treating anaphylaxis. Adrenaline is also used as a bronchodilator for asthma. The main physiological stimulus to epinephrine secretion is exercise. There are learned associations between negative feelings and levels of epinephrine. Overall, the greater amount of epinephrine is positively correlated with an arousal state of negative feelings. Epinephrine does have a role in facilitating the encoding of emotionally arousing events, contributing to higher levels of arousal due to fear. Endogenous epinephrine released during learning modulate the formation of long-lasting memories for arousing events. Adrenaline is used as a drug to treat cardiac arrest and other cardiac dysrhythmias resulting in diminished or absent cardiac output.

* Epithalon peptide slows down of the aging process, prevents age related diseases and ailments, improves bodily functionality, elevates immune system capability and improves mental function.

* EPO and EPOR factors are expressed in the neonatal developing growth plate and cartilaginous callus of healing bone. EPO may function as an autocrine or paracrine factor to regulate the spatial and temporal coordination among angiogenesis, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair. EPO may serve as an effective agent to promote skeletal regeneration. EPO right channel, EPOR left channel.

* Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is in the macrolide class and has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often prescribed for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including Mycoplasma and Legionella.

* Esophageal Disease, also known as esophageal diseases, is related to lymphoma and deep angioma, and has symptoms including abdominal pain, constipation and coughing. An important gene associated with Esophageal Disease is ATP4A (ATPase H+/K+ Transporting Alpha Subunit), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling and Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network. The drugs Octreotide and Somatostatin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, testes and lymph node, and related phenotypes are digestive/alimentary and homeostasis/metabolism. A gastrointestinal system disease that is located in the esophagus.

* Esrp1 (epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1) and Esrp2 (epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2) are two closely related proteins that regulate alternative splicing in epithelial cells. These specialized cells form sheets that line most organs in the body and are found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Recent research found that mice that only lacked Esrp1 developed a cleft lip and palate. In mice that lacked both proteins, many organs failed to develop correctly and in some cases did not form at all. In the epidermis, the loss of Esrp1 and Esrp2 disrupted the splicing of the transcripts from genes that give epithelial cells many of their specialized characteristics, such as the ability to form sheets of cells with well-formed junctions between them. Thus, epidermis comprising cells that lacked Esrp1 and Esrp2 could not form a proper barrier layer, which is a crucial role of epithelia in skin as well as in other organs.

* Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR-gamma) factor is an orphan receptor that acts as transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements (By similarity). Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle. Oxidative myofibers in the skeletal muscles express high levels of angiogenic factors, have dense vasculature, and promptly revascularize during ischemia. Estrogen-related receptor-gamma activates genes that govern metabolic and vascular features typical to oxidative myofibers. ERR-gamma is a hypoxia-independent inducer of neoangiogenesis that can promote reparative revascularization therefore, ERR-gamma dependent remodeling of the myofibers may promote neoangiogenesis and restoration of blood perfusion in skeletal muscle ischemia.

* ETC-1002 or Bempedoic acid is a small molecule inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase that also activates 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, effectively reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inducing some other positive metabolic changes. Recent evidence from phase I and II clinical trials in humans has shown a positive efficacy and safety profile of ETC-1002, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions similar to those attainable by usual doses of many statins and with no major apparent side effects. Bempedoic acid is an oral, nonstatin therapy designed to primarily work in the liver to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. Bempedoic acid is a prodrug that is complementary to—yet distinct from—other lipid-lowering therapies, including statins. Bempedoic acid is converted to its active moiety primarily in the liver, and inhibits adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACL)—an enzyme two steps upstream from HMG-CoA reductase, the target of statins—along the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Bempedoic acid is converted to its active moiety by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSVL1), which is not present in skeletal muscle. By inhibiting ACL, bempedoic acid is designed to reduce cholesterol synthesis, resulting in LDL receptor upregulation.

* ETC-642 peptide inhibits endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, markers of the earliest stages of atherosclerosis. It may be used in the treatment of aortic valve stenosis, inflammation and cardiovascular disease.

* Eucalyptol is a cyclic ether and a monoterpenoid. Eucalyptol is used as an insecticide and insect repellent. In contrast, eucalyptol is one of many compounds that are attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, which gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. One such study with Euglossa imperialis, a non-social orchid bee species, has shown that the presence of cineole (also eucalyptol), elevates territorial behavior and specifically attracts the male bees. It was even observed that these males would periodically leave their territories to forage for chemicals such as cineole, thought to be important for attracting and mating with females, to synthesize pheromones. Eucalyptol controls airway mucus hypersecretion and asthma, it is also an effective treatment for nonpurulent rhinosinusitis. Treated subjects experienced less headache on bending, frontal headache, sensitivity of pressure points of trigeminal nerve, impairment of general condition, nasal obstruction, and rhinological secretion. Side effects from treatment were minimal.

* EUK 134 is a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetic that exhibits potent antioxidant activities, and inhibits the formation of beta-amyloid and related amyloid fibril.

* Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

* Eye Disease, also known as disorder of eye, is related to macular degeneration, age-related, 1 and hypothyroidism, and has symptoms including unspecified visual loss, glassy eye and ocular pain, bilateral. An important gene associated with Eye Disease is CACNA1F (Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 F), and among its related pathways are African trypanosomiasis and IL-10 Pathway. The drugs prednisone and prednisone pwdr have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include the eye, eye and thyroid, and related mouse phenotypes are pigmentation and hematopoietic system. An eye and adnexa disease that is located in the eye.

* Eyelid Disease, also known as eyelid diseases, is related to blepharochalasis and blepharitis, and has symptoms including pathergy reaction, glassy eye and eyelid skin dryness. An important gene associated with Eyelid Disease is FOXL2 (Forkhead Box L2). Affiliated tissues include the eyelid, eye and skin. An adnexa disease that is located in the eyelid.