Modern Medicine in Digital format

* Nabiximols is an herbal preparation containing a defined quantity of specific cannabinoids formulated for oromucosal spray administration with potential analgesic activity. Nabiximols is sold as a mouth spray intended to alleviate neuropathic pain, spasticity, overactive bladder, and other symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Nabiximols contains a standardized extract of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD), other minor cannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes from two cannabis plant varieties. Cannabinoids interact with G protein-coupled cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the central nervous system, resulting in analgesic, euphoric, and anticonvulsive effects.

* N-Acetylcarnosine (NAC) is found in a variety of tissues but particularly muscle tissue. It has activity as a free radical scavenger. NAC is active against lipid peroxidation in the different parts of the lens in the eye. It is the active ingredient of eye drops used in order to prevent or treat cataracts and ophthalmic disorders associated with oxidative stress, including age-related or diabetic cataracts.

* N-acetyl-cysteine NAC is used by the body to build antioxidants. NAC replenishes intracellular levels of the natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH), helping to restore cells’ ability to fight damage from reactive oxygen species. Much of NAC’s beneficial activity derives from its capacity to modulate expression of genes for myriad signaling molecules in the inflammatory response. Gene expression modifications induced by NAC may also help reduce the acute oxidant-provoked inflammatory response following exercise, making vigorous activity safer and even more beneficial. Finally, obesity-associated insulin resistance, which arises from production of inflammatory signaling molecules in fat cells, can be sharply mitigated by NAC through regulation of their genes.

* N-acetylglucosamine NAG is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. Used for autoimmune diseases, cartilage biosynthesis, hyaluronan production, hyperpigmentation and as anti-inflammatory.

* Nagilactone B (NLB), a small molecule extracted from the root bark of Podocarpus nagi (Podocarpaceae), suppresses atherosclerosis in an atherosclerotic mouse model. Selective LXR activation in macrophages with NLB induces ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux while exerting minimal effects on lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in liver, resulting in regression of atherosclerosis, and therefore might be a promising strategy for therapeutics.

* Nail Disease, also known as nail diseases, is related to paronychia and tooth agenesis, selective, 4, and has symptoms including pruritus, exanthema and clubbing of nail. An important gene associated with Nail Disease is FZD6 (Frizzled Class Receptor 6), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Akt Signaling and Cytokine Signaling in Immune system. The drugs Chlorhexidine and Phenol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, lung and kidney, and related phenotypes are hematopoietic system and digestive/alimentary. A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.

* Nalfurafine is an antipruritic (anti-itch drug) for the treatment of uremic pruritus in individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. It acts as a potent, selective, centrally-penetrant κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is the first and currently the only selective KOR agonist to have been approved for clinical use.

* Nalmetrene is an opioid antagonist used primarily in the management of alcohol dependence. It has also been investigated for the treatment of other addictions such as pathological gambling. Nalmefene is an opiate derivative similar in both structure and activity to the opioid antagonist naltrexone. Advantages of nalmefene relative to naltrexone include longer half-life, greater oral bioavailability and no observed dose-dependent liver toxicity. As with other drugs of this type, nalmefene can precipitate acute withdrawal symptoms in patients who are dependent on opioid drugs, or more rarely when used post-operatively to counteract the effects of strong opioids used in surgery. There is a case report of nalmefene being effective as an "as-needed" long-term therapy for cravings in a female patient with cocaine addiction. Nalmefene may possess unique potential in the application of cocaine addiction relative to other opioid antagonists such as naltrexone due to its activity as a partial agonist of the k-opioid receptor.

* Naloxone is a medication used to counter the effects of opioid especially in overdose. It will usually reverse the depression of the central nervous system, respiratory system, and hypotension. In a meta-analysis of people with shock, including septic, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic, or spinal shock, those who received naloxone had improved blood flow.

* Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used primarily in the management of alcohol dependence and opioid dependence. Naltrexone should not be confused with naloxone nor nalorphine, which are used in emergency cases of opioid overdose. The main use of naltrexone is for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Naltrexone helps patients overcome opioid addiction by blocking the drugs’ euphoric effects. Naltrexone is sometimes used for rapid detoxification ("rapid detox") regimens for opioid dependence. The principle of rapid detoxification is to induce opioid-receptor blockage while the patient is in a state of impaired consciousness, so as to attenuate the withdrawal symptoms experienced by the patient.

* Naphazoline nitrate is a rapid acting sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor of occular artierioles. It acts to decrease congestion of the conjunctiva and is found in many over-the-counter eye drops. Naphazoline is primarily indicated in conditions like corneal vascularity, hyperaemia, itching, nasal congestion, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in sinusitis. It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity. It is a vasoconstrictor with a rapid action in reducing swelling to mucous membranes. It acts on alpha-receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce constriction, resulting in decreased congestion.

* Narcissistic Personality Disorder is related to personality disorder and glycoproteinosis. An important gene associated with Narcissistic Personality Disorder is SMPD1 (Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Prolactin Signaling Pathway and Salmonella infection (KEGG). The drug Silicon has been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, and related phenotype is growth/size/body region. A personality disorder that involves an excessive preoccupation with issues of personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity.

* Naringenin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid, that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator. It is the predominant flavanone in grapefruit. Naringenin does have some ability to prevent carbohydrate absorption from the intestines, possibly reducing rapid rises in blood sugar and insulin after eating. Evidence suggests it might actually protect the liver from damage. Naringenin increases two important pharmaceutical targets, PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma, while blocking a third, LXR-alpha. The results are similar to those induced by long periods of fasting. This substance has also been shown to reduce oxidative damage to DNA in vitro. Naringenin could have some beneficial effect on weight management and metabolic syndrome (a combination of risk factors for obesity, type-2 diabetes, and heart disease that include insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, high serum triglycerides and excess abdominal fat). Naringenin can interact with a number of pharmaceutical drugs, altering and influencing their blood levels. These include statins used for cholesterol control, calcium channel blockers used to treat high blood pressure, non-sedating antihistamines, anti-anxiety drugs, immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent rejection of transplanted tissues organs, and antiviral agents used to treat HIV/AIDS. The interaction effect is due to its inhibitory effect on the human cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A2. Finally, naringenin has been found to successfully block the formation of kidney cysts, an effect that occurs in polycystic kidney disease, by regulating the PKD2 protein responsible for the condition.

* Nasal Cavity Disease, also known as disorder of nasal cavity, is related to cytoplasmic body myopathy and chronic pulmonary heart disease, and has symptoms including purulent rhinitis An important gene associated with Nasal Cavity Disease is RNASE3 (Ribonuclease A Family Member 3), and among its related pathways are IL-9 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types and Hematopoietic cell lineage. Affiliated tissues include heart, bone and lung, and related mouse phenotypes are Increased transferrin (TF) endocytosis and digestive/alimentary.

* Nasopharyngeal Disease, also known as nasopharyngeal diseases, is related to nasopharyngitis and allergic hypersensitivity disease, and has symptoms including myoclonus, palatal An important gene associated with Nasopharyngeal Disease is PSMB9 (Proteasome Subunit Beta 9). Affiliated tissues include lung, testes and colon.

* Natriuretic peptides. These bioactive peptides participate in the mechanisms regulating water–electrolyte balance and blood pressure through their natriuretic and vasodilator actions. The recording includes atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide, plus their homologues Urodilatin, Nesiritide and recombinant CNP. Each item plays for three and a half minutes.
In playing order, NANP, recombinant CNP, NBNP, NCNP, Urodilatin, Nesiritide.

* Necrotizing Fasciitis, also known as fasciitis, necrotizing, is related to fasciitis and noma, and has symptoms including generalized muscle weakness and spasm. An important gene associated with Necrotizing Fasciitis is CD46 (CD46 Molecule), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and Cytokine Signaling in Immune system. The drugs Vancomycin and Tobramycin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, breast and liver, and related phenotype is cardiovascular system. Commonly known as flesh-eating disease, is an infection that results in the death of parts of the body's soft tissue.

* Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis, also known as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, is related to gingivitis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 16 with or without anosmia. An important gene associated with Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis is GUSB (Glucuronidase Beta), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Staphylococcus aureus infection and B Cell Development Pathways. The drugs Folic Acid and Micronutrients have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include bone, and related phenotypes are hematopoietic system and immune system. Also known as trench mouth, is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth).

* NELL-1 factor encodes a cytoplasmic protein that contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) -like repeats. The encoded heterotrimeric protein may be involved in cell growth regulation and differentiation. A similar protein in rodents is involved in craniosynostosis. An alternative splice variant has been described but its full-length sequence has not been determined. Recent study by UCLA researchers shows that administering the protein NELL-1 intravenously stimulates significant bone formation through the regenerative ability of stem cells.

* Nerve regeneration molecular therapy, for neuropathies in general, expresses gangliosides, aceyl-L-carnitine, neurotrophins, nerve growth factors, erythropoietin and Fasinumab. The sequence plays in this order Fasinumab, EPO recombinant, GT1b, GD's (1a, 1b, 2, 3), NGF beta recombinant, GM's (1, 2, 3), Neurotrophin-3, NGF, bNGF recombinant, NGF beta, NGF beta recombinant, NTF4, EPO recombinant, EPO, Acetyl-L-carnitine.

* Nerve strength features Methylcobalamin, Thiamine, R Lipoic acid, Pyridoxal phosphate and Folic acid as Levomefolic acid. Methylcobalamin is used in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and as a preliminary treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thiamine or vitamin B1 is used by the body to convert carbohydrates into energy and to maintain normal nerve function. R Lipoic acid can pass easily into the brain, it may help protect the brain and nerve tissue. Pyridoxal phosphate the active form of vitamin B 6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions, inadequate levels of pyridoxal phosphate in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction, particularly epilepsy. Levomefolic acid is the primary biologically active form of folic acid or vitamin B9, one of its most notable functions is its role in creating key neurotransmitters or brain chemicals that regulate human mood, cognitive ability and arousal.

* Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. It participates in the regulation of hunger and fat storage. Increased nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamus contributes to diminished hunger, a 'sense of fullness', and a potential loss of body fat and weight.

* N-Ethylmaleimide NEM increased cell surface levels of SLC12A5 and modulated the phosphorylation of key regulatory residues within the large cytoplasmic domain of SLC12A5 in neurons. Compounds that either increase the surface stability of SLC12A5 or reduce Thr-1007 phosphorylation may be of use as enhancers of SLC12A5 activity. Deficits in the activity of SLC12A5 lead to epilepsy and are also implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropathic pain, and schizophrenia.

* Neuralgic amyotrophy is a disease associated with SEPT9 factor (Septin 9), and among its related pathways is Neural Crest Differentiation. Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to vertebrates that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia. Underlying the development of neural crest is a gene regulatory network, described as a set of interacting signals, transcription factors, and downstream effector genes that confer cell characteristics such as multipotency and migratory capabilities. Besides SEPT9 factor, the sound frequencies of the top affiliating proteins in the Neural Crest differentiation pathway are included in the recording -GJB1, MPZ, PMP22.

* Neuritis, also known as peripheral neuritis, is related to optic neuritis and neuromyelitis optica, and has symptoms including sciatica and neuralgia. An important gene associated with Neuritis is PMP2 (Peripheral Myelin Protein 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Cytokine Signaling in Immune system and PAK Pathway. The drugs Methylprednisolone and Prednisolone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, brain and t cells, and related phenotypes are hematopoietic system and behavior/neurological. Neuritis is inflammation of a nerve or the general inflammation of the peripheral nervous system.

* Neurodazine-Nocodazole promotes the expression of neuron-specific markers in treated C2C12 cells. In addition, the use of neurodazines in conjunction with a microtubule-destabilizing agent allows neurogenic conversion of both differentiated immature myotubes and mature skeletal muscle. Nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect in cells by interfering with the polymerization of microtubules. Neurons are not regenerated effectively, and their injury causes neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases may be treated by the transplantation of neural stem cells. However, ethical and technical issues restrict cell therapies using neural stem cells. A more convenient and attractive approach is the use of small molecules with the capacity to induce neurogenesis from easily available cells or tissues. Such small molecules have the potential to allow tight controls over the timing and speed of cell differentiation.

* Neurogenic Arthropathy, also known as arthropathy associated with neurological disorder, is related to sensory peripheral neuropathy and neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type v, and has symptoms including arthralgia and metatarsalgia. An important gene associated with Neurogenic Arthropathy is SPTLC1 (Serine Palmitoyltransferase Long Chain Base Subunit 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic TNFs/NF-kB/Bcl-2 pathway and p75(NTR)-mediated signaling. The drugs Hyaluronic acid and Adjuvants, Immunologic have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include bone and heart. A severe degenerative disease related to nerve lesions that develops when the sensory mechanisms of joints are impaired.

* Neuroglobin NGB is an intracellular hemoprotein expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid, retina and endocrine tissues. It increases oxygen availability to brain tissue and provides protection under hypoxic or ischemic conditions, potentially limiting brain damage.

* Neuroma is related to multiple mucosal neuroma and multiple endocrine neoplasia iib. An important gene associated with Neuroma is ANK3 (Ankyrin 3), and among its related pathways are Spinal Cord Injury and Angiogenesis (CST). Affiliated tissues include brain, bone and skin, and related mouse phenotypes are Increased proliferation and muscle. A nervous system benign neoplasm that is characterized as a nerve tissue tumor.

* Neuromuscular Disease, also known as neuromuscular diseases, is related to hypertonia and central core disease, and has symptoms including athetosis, back pain and headache. An important gene associated with Neuromuscular Disease is TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4), and among its related pathways are Muscular Dystrophies and Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex and Agrin Interactions at Neuromuscular Junction. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, bone and testes, and related mouse phenotypes are limbs/digits/tail and hearing/vestibular/ear. A neuropathy that affect the nerves that control the voluntary muscles.

* Neuromuscular Disease, also known as neuromuscular diseases, is related to central core disease of muscle and spinal muscular atrophy, type ii, and has symptoms including athetosis, back pain and headache. An important gene associated with Neuromuscular Disease is TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Cardiac conduction and Agrin Interactions at Neuromuscular Junction. The drugs Zinc and Naproxen have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, testes and brain, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism. A neuropathy that affect the nerves that control the voluntary muscles.

* Neuromuscular Junction Disease, also known as neuromuscular junction diseases, is related to lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome and congenital myasthenic syndrome. An important gene associated with Neuromuscular Junction Disease is MUSK (Muscle Associated Receptor Tyrosine Kinase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Transmission across Chemical Synapses and ECM proteoglycans. The drugs Azathioprine and Benzocaine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes and thymus, and related phenotypes are mortality/aging and behavior/neurological. A neuromuscular disease that is characterized by the disfunction of conduction through the neuromuscular junction.

* Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates food intake in a variety of vertebrate species. But also various other biological effects have been attributed to NPY, e.g., profound effects on secretion of luteinising hormone as well as on growth hormone and insulin release. These observations suggest the important role of NPY in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, it has been reported that NPY elicits potent vasoconstriction, facilitates learning and memory retention processes, modulates locomotor behaviors, produces hypothermia, inhibits sexual behavior, shifts the circadian rhythms, modulates cardio respiratory parameters, generates anxiolytic effects, and inhibits alcohol consumption and resistance.

* NFIX factor regulates neuronal stem cell activity (NSC), also has a role in driving NSC differentiation toward oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell. These cells produce the myelin that surrounds and protects neurons. Evidence supporting this mechanism in mice and its potential in the development of NSC-based therapy for brain injury, demyelinating diseases, and brain tumors.

* N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) stimulation translates the molar weight of this sialic acid molecule into Hz. Humans cannot synthesize it due to manipulation in the past of the gene CMAH. The recording includes as well the the translation into Hz of the Neu5Gc based monoclonal antibody Racotumomab. It is a therapeutic cancer vaccine for the treatment of solid tumors. (See notes below for pseudogene rationale)

* Niacin, also known as vitamin B3 and nicotinic acid, is an organic compound primarily used to treat hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol) and pellagra (niacin deficiency). Insufficient niacin in the diet can cause nausea, skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness. The lack of niacin may also be observed in pandemic deficiency disease, which is caused by a lack of five crucial vitamins (niacin, vitamin C, thiamin, vitamin D, and vitamin A) and is usually found in areas of widespread poverty and malnutrition. Niacin has a molecule similar to nicotine which may reduce smoking addiction naturally.

* Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), the metabolic precursor of NAD+, rejuvenates oocyte quality in aged animals, leading to restoration in fertility, and this can be recapitulated by transgenic overexpression of the NAD+-dependent deacylase SIRT2, though deletion of this enzyme does not impair oocyte quality. These benefits of NMN extend to the developing embryo, where supplementation reverses the adverse effect of maternal age on developmental milestones. These findings suggest that late-life restoration of NAD+ levels represents an opportunity to rescue female reproductive function in mammals. Declining oocyte quality is considered an irreversible feature of aging and is rate limiting for human fertility. Bertoldo et al. show that reversing an age-dependent decline in NAD(P)H restores oocyte quality, embryo development, and functional fertility in aged mice. These findings may be relevant to reproductive medicine.

* Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitor promotes myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. Activates senescent muscle stem cells (muSCs) and improves regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle. Enhances proliferation, fusion and regenerative capacity of muSCs in aged mice.

* Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+. NR has been a recent focus of life extension research after a study showing NAD+ levels decrease with age in mice. Another experiment with mice on high fat diet appears to support the potential of treatment or prevention of dyslipidemia with nicotinamide riboside. Nicotinamide riboside prevents muscle, neural and menalocyte stem cell senescence. Increased muscular regeneration in mice has been observed after treatment with nicotinamide riboside, leading to speculation that it might improve regeneration of organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. Nicotinamide riboside also lowers blood glucose and fatty liver in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic models while preventing the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

* Nimbolide, a limonoid present in leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), has been reported to exhibit several medicinal properties. Nimbolide induces excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby regulating both apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that nimbolide was effective in inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Nimbolide also has a role in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) characterized by an excessive acute inflammatory response in lung parenchyma, which ultimately leads to refractory hypoxemia. Nimbolide ameliorated TNF-alpha-regulated NF-κB and HDAC-3 crosstalk with promising anti-nitrosative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in an endotoxin induced ARDS model. In prostate cancer, Nimbolide has been shown to reduce the size of prostate tumor by up to 70 per cent and suppress its spread or metastasis by half. This is possible because a direct target of nimbolide in prostate cancer is glutathione reductase, an enzyme which is responsible for maintaining the antioxidant system that regulates the STAT3 gene in the body. The activation of the STAT3 gene has been reported to contribute to prostate tumor growth and metastasis. Nimbolide can substantially inhibit STAT3 activation and thereby abrogating the growth and metastasis of prostate tumor. Nimbolide induces autophagy mediated apoptotic cell death in breast cancer with epigenetic modifications. Nimbolide can suppress the growth of human colorectal cancer through modulation of the proinflammatory microenvironment. Nimbolide abrogates ceruletide-induced chronic pancreatitis by modulating beta-catenin/Smad in a sirtuin-dependent way. Other useas include oral care, gastric ulcers, hyperacidity, entry inhibition against (herpes simplex virus type 1) infection, enhances health and reduces inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, lowers blood sugar levels and, has antioxidant effects.

* Nintedanib is a medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.It has been shown to slow down decrease in forced vital capacity, and it also improves people's quality of life. Nintedanib does not improve survival in people with IPF. It interferes with processes like fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and laying down extracellular matrix. Pulmonary fibrosis, which is a hardening of the tissues of the lung that prevents its proper functioning is one of the long-term effects that Covid-19 could leave.

* Nitrous oxide is a weak general anaesthetic and a rapid and highly effective analgesic gas. Nitrous oxide can cause analgesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, dizziness, euphoria, and some sound distortion. Research has also found that it increases suggestibility and imagination. Nitrous oxide inactivates the cobalamin form of vitamin B12 by oxidation.

* Nitroxoline is an antibiotic that has been in use in Europe for about fifty years, and has proven to be very effective at combating biofilm infections. Nitroxoline was shown to cause a decrease in the biofilm density of P. aeruginosa infections, which would allow access to the infection by the immune system in vivo. It was shown that nitroxoline functions by chelating Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions from the biofilm matrix; when Fe2+ and Zn2+ were reintroduced into the system, biofilm formation was reconstituted. The activity of biofilm degradation is comparable to EDTA, but has a history of human use in clinical settings and therefore has a precedent with which to allow its use against “slimy” biofilm infections. The chelating activities of nitroxoline have also been used in an anticancer setting.

* NO (nitric oxide) synthases. Nitric oxide levels gradually decline with age. It effects the release of gonadotroptin releasing hormone, as well as the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Nitric oxide also controls the circulation of blood, transmits messages between nerve cells, and is a mediator of inflammation. Expands blood vessels, controls platelet function, reduces arterial plaque and reduces total cholesterol. NO synthases effect favorably aging-related Erectile Dysfunction in men with poor corporeal relaxation and failure to store blood along with loss of corporeal smooth muscle integrity. The recording includes other gene factors frequencies to increase adenosine production, stimulation of the adenosine receptor that activates increased nitric oxide synthase, activation of the maxi-K channel, and modulation of human corporal smooth muscle. Each frequency plays for three minutes unless stated otherwise.
In playing order, KCNMA1, NOS3, NOS2, PTGES, ADORA2B, NT5E iso 1 (90s), NNOS, NT5E iso 2 (90s).

* Nociceptin or Orphanin FQ is a potent endogenous anti-analgesic. Unlike morphine and other opioids that are used to alleviate pain, nociceptin's role in nociception are not straight forward. There is substantial evidence to suggest that nociceptin is involved in opioid-induced hyperalgesia. It appears that nociceptin is an anxiolytic but also seems to perpetuate depression. It has also been implicated in control of the cardiovascular and renal systems and there is evidence to suggest nociceptin may be involved in the immune system and sepsis.

* Nociceptin receptor NOP is involved in the regulation of numerous brain activities, particularly instinctive and emotional behaviors. Nociceptin is thought to be an endogenous antagonist of dopamine transport that may act either directly on dopamine or by inhibiting GABA to affect dopamine levels. Within the central nervous system its action can be either similar or opposite to those of opioids depending on their location. It controls a wide range of biological functions ranging from nociception to food intake, from memory processes to cardiovascular and renal functions, from spontaneous locomotor activity to gastrointestinal motility, from anxiety to the control of neurotransmitter release at peripheral and central sites. NOP agonists are being studied as treatments for heart failure and migraine while nociceptin antagonists may have analgesic and antidepressant qualities.

* Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, also known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis. An important gene associated with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis is SQSTM1 (Sequestosome 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. and Common Cytokine Receptor Gamma-Chain Family Signaling Pathways. The drugs Ezetimibe and Metformin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, testes and kidney, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism. An excessive fat build-up in the liver due to causes other than alcohol use.

* Nonsyndromic Deafness, also known as nonsyndromic hearing loss, is related to autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 20 and autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 66. An important gene associated with Nonsyndromic Deafness is GJB2 (Gap Junction Protein Beta 2), and among its related pathways is Gap junction trafficking. Related mouse phenotypes are behavior/neurological and hearing/vestibular/ear. Nonsyndromic hearing loss is a partial or total loss of hearing that is not associated with other signs and symptoms.

* Nooglutyl is a drug that exhibits pronounced vestibular-protective properties and antimotion activity. Electrophysiological experiments on cats show that nooglutyl alters spontaneous activity in 80% of cortical neurons (somatosensory zone I and area 5 of the parietal association cortex) and considerably weakens effects caused by motion sickness: activation of single unit activity of somatosensory zone I and inhibition of neuron responses to somatic stimulation. Nooglutyl is a positive modulator of AMPA-subtype glutamatergic receptors, in a model of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) -posttraumatic hematoma induced by cerebral tissue destruction in the capsule interna region, nooglutyl decreased the HS-induced neurological deficiency, restored the coordination of movements, improved the passive avoidance reaction retrieval, and prevented the loss of experimental animals.

* Noopept peptide helps to restore memory and other cognitive functions disturbed as a result of ischemia as well as damage due to hypoxia (a condition in which the body or region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply). Also reduces or vanishes anxiety, irritability, emotional lability and sleep disorders. Reverses and prevents learned helplessness. Noopept is noted for its neuroprotective properties which include an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect as well as the ability to prevent neuro-toxicity caused by excessive calcium and glutamate.

* Nootropic peptides, to improve one or more aspects of mental function, such as working memory, motivation, and attention. Each product plays for four minutes and 24 seconds.
In order,
- Semax heptapeptide - stimulates the Central Nervous System and increases memory, focus, mental and physical performance, and analytical skills
- Davunetide peptide - neuroprotective, enhances cognitive function
- Semax heptapeptide - stimulates the Central Nervous System and increases memory, focus, mental and physical performance, and analytical skills
- Selank peptide - anxiety relief, improved cognitive functioning
- Epithalon peptide - aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence
- Noopept peptide - learning ability, memory, cognitive function disturbance or damage, anxiety, irritability, emotional lability, sleep disorders, immunocorrector, reverses/prevents learned helplessness neurosis.

* Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. The general function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in the so-called fight-or-flight response. In the brain, norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and anxiety. In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and inhibits voiding of the bladder and gastrointestinal motility. Many important psychiatric drugs exert strong effects on noradrenaline systems in the brain, resulting in side-effects that may be helpful or harmful. Norepinephrine is similar to adrenaline. It is used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure (hypotension) that can occur with certain medical conditions or surgical procedures. Norepinephrine is often used during CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation).

* Norisoboldine, the major isoquinoline alkaloid in Radix Linderae, has a proven ability to prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced in vitro activation of macrophages and the resultant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation, erosion of bone and cartilage, and severe joint pain. Joint destruction ultimately results in reduced mobility of affected patients. RA affects approximately 0.5% of the adult population worldwide, and it occurs in 20–50 cases per 100 000 annually. Norisoboldine alleviates joint destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by reducing RANKL, IL-6, PGE2, and MMP-13 expression.

* NP213-fluoride. Novexatin (NP213) is an antifungal compound that has been proposed to function by destabilizing membranes, it is a circular hepta-arginine peptides. This is the first fungal infection therapy of the toenail to address both the underlying cause of the condition and the cosmetic issues associated with the infection; by rapidly killing the causative fungi and rapidly improving the nail’s appearance. Growth curves confirm that Novexatin has MIC values for fungi that are high relative to most commercial antifungal compounds. Fluoride has long been known to inhibit bacterial and fungal cell growth most likely by blocking the functions of key metabolic enzymes. Antifungal compounds that disrupt cell membrane integrity exhibit improved ability to inhibit cell growth when used with fluoride.

* NP-C86 can stabilize GAS5 levels in DM adipocytes and restore insulin-mediated glucose uptake in DM adipocytes. GAS5 regulates insulin signaling in adipocytes, manifesting its potential as novel ncRNA target for T2DM. NP-C86 restored insulin-mediated glucose uptake in DM adipocytes. NP-C86 stabilizes GAS5 levels to normal physiological concentrations demonstrating high therapeutic potential. Results show that NP-C86 is non-cytotoxic, is efficiently taken up by cells and binds to GAS5 with high affinity and specificity.

* NPD-1 factor, or neuroprotectin D-1 is derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential omega 3 fatty acid found in fish oil. NPD1 regulates the type of brain electrical activity bursts that not only reduce the aberrant brain cell signaling leading to severe generalized seizures, but also spontaneous recurrent seizures. NPD1 helps curtail the onset and progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. In vivo, exhibits a potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity in the tissues in which it is localized. DHA, the main NPD1 precursor, is mostly found in tissues such as the retinal synapses, photoreceptors, the lungs and the brain, suggesting that these tissues are more likely to be benefited from the protecting activity.

* NPTX2 factor or neuronal pentraxin-2 may slow cognitive decline and reduce brain atrophy in people with Alzheimer's disease. The protein seems to be involved in forming or reconfiguring connections between neurons, possibly by clearing away old debris or inefficient connections to make way for new connections.

* NR2E1 factor is part of a large protein interactome of disease genes with a clinical picture marked by aggression, suggesting that this transcriptional module may be part of a larger network of proteins that also regulate aggression in humans. Aggression is pervasive throughout the animal kingdom and is both a beneficial and costly behavior. The orphan nuclear receptor Nr2e1 and its associated co-repressors affect aggressive behavior in both flies and mice, and evidence in flies shows that its effect on aggressive behavior depends on the neurosecretory function of a very small number of neurons in the adult brain.

* NR3C1 factor is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind. The glucocorticoid receptor is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, and immune response. Because the receptor gene is expressed in several forms, it has many different (pleiotropic) effects in different parts of the body. When the GR binds to glucocorticoids, its primary mechanism of action is the regulation of gene transcription. The unbound receptor resides in the cytosol of the cell. After the receptor is bound to glucocorticoid, the receptor-glucorticoid complex can take either of two paths. The activated GR complex up-regulates the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins in the nucleus or represses the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in the cytosol (by preventing the translocation of other transcription factors from the cytosol into the nucleus). In central nervous system structures, the glucocorticoid receptor is a novel representative of neuroendocrine integration, functioning as a major component of endocrine influence - specifically stress response - upon the brain. The receptor is now implicated in both short and long-term adaptations seen in response to stressors and may be critical to the understanding of psychological disorders, including some or all subtypes of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Indeed, long-standing observations such as the mood dysregulations typical of Cushing's disease demonstrate the role of corticosteroids in regulating psychologic state; recent advances have demonstrated interactions with norepinephrine and serotonin at the neural level.

* NSI-189 is a drug that has been shown to increase the hippocampal volume of adult mice by 20%, and has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis of human hippocampal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. The hippocampus is responsible for the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, along with spatial navigation, and is also involved in regulation of mood.